For years experts have argued that poor households are consuming less nourishing food than the rest of the population.
But a survey of some of the lowest earners in Britain shows the nutritional value of what they eat is little different to everyone else.
In fact, the same deficiencies in diet were shared by all the population and the findings suggest that poor eating choices are far more widespread than previously suspected - affecting many wealthier families.
These included low fruit and vegetable consumption, not eating enough oily fish and eating too much saturated fat and sugar.
“This is a large and significant study and it shows we are all eating just as bad a diet as each other,” said Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University.
The poorest families were eating only slightly more sugar and slightly less fruit and vegetables, according to the study of 3,728 respondents in the bottom of the population.
Alison Tedstone, head of nutritional science at the Food Standard Agency, said: “Overall, people on low incomes have less than ideal diets, but their diets are only slightly worse than those of the rest of the population.”
The study also showed that low earners are choosing to eat unhealthily. Their food choices were not linked to their income, their access to shops or their cooking skills.
The findings appear to contradict assumptions that the poor cannot afford healthier foods or are too far away from shops that sell them.
The Low Income Nutrition and Diet Survey showed that like the rest of the population, the poor's daily fruit and vegetable intake on average is below the recommended five portions. Fewer than 10 per cent of respondents hit this target, while around 20 per cent ate less than a portion per day.
More than three quarters (76 per cent) of men and 81 per cent of women did less than one 30-minute session of moderate or vigorous exercise per week.
Some 45 per cent of men and 40 per cent of women were smokers.
This compares with 28 per cent of men and 24 per cent of women in the general population.
【小题1】
According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A．Whether the poor or the rich maybe have a bad diet.

B．Even the poor can enjoy enough fruit and fish consumption.

C．Only the poor have a bad diet.

D．The study was conveyed in both the rich and the poor.

【小题2】
What kind of persons maybe eat most sugar?

A．The rich.

B．Men.

C．The poorest.

D．Women

【小题3】
From the passage, we can learn __________.

A．the poor choose unhealthy food because of low income

B．having no access to shops also leads to the poor’s bad diet

C．the poor’s daily fruit intake is as much as general people

D．the number of smokers in the poor is bigger than that in general people

【小题4】
What’s the best title of the passage?

A．The poor’s healthy problem.	B．Keep off junk food.
C．How to have a good diet.	D．A diet survey.

In the 60s, people asked about your astrological (about star) sign. In the 90s, they want to know your website.   1   Your website is an electronic meeting place for your family, friends and potentially, millions of people around the world. Best of all, you may not have to spend a cent. The web is filled with all kinds of free services and all it takes is some time and creativity.

 2  Like the table of contents of a book or magazine, the home page is the front door. Your site can have one or more pages, depending on how you design it.

While web pages vary greatly in their design and content, most use a traditional magazine layout（版面设计）.At the top of the page is a banner(横幅). Next comes a greeting and a short description of the site. Pictures, text, and links to other websites follow.

 3  Think about whom the site is for and what you want to say. Next, gather up the material that you want to put on the site.

While there are no rules you have to follow, there are a few things to keep in mind:  4  If you are too much at the beginning, you may never get the site off the ground. You can always add to your site.

Less is better. Most people don’t like to read a lot of long text online.   5 

Smaller is better. Since it can take a long time to download large image files, keep the file sizes small.

Have the rights. Don’t put any material on your site unless you are sure you can do it legally. Always remember to get the permission from the writer first.

Now it’s time to roll up your sleeves and start building

A．Start simply.

B．Break it into small pieces.

C．Draw a rough layout on a sheet of paper.

D．Many websites are considered very interesting.

E．Before you start building your site, do some planning.

F．Think of your home page as the starting point of your website.

G．These days, having a web address is almost as important as a street address.

 

That “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.

The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans showed that the average person had a 20 per cent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.

The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol（胆固醇）but we don’t know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can’t give clear advice on how to prevent them,” he said.

Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.

“When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal（内分泌）changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavourable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot（血凝块）in the arteries（动脉）which will cause a heart attack.”

“When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich.

1.Monday morning feeling, as this passage shows,         .

A．is not so serious as people thought

B．is harmful to working people in developed countries.

C．is the first killer in Germany and Italy.

D．is created by researchers in Germany and Italy

2.To protect people from suffering from heart attack, doctors have paid much attention to    . 

A．people’s working time

B．people’s living place

C．people’s diet and lifestyle

D．people’s nationalities

3.It can be learned from this passage that heart attack has nothing to do with     .

A．blood pressure                         B．heart rate

C．hormonal changes                       D．blood group

4.If the researchers give us some advice to avoid Monday morning feeling, what might it be?

A．Stop working on Monday

B．Create a pleasant working environment

C．Get up late on Monday morning

D．Go to work with a doctor

 

Putting in water fountains (饮水器) at schools, and teaching children about the health benefits of water, could reduce their risk of getting extra pounds, reports a new study that is published in the latest issue of the journal Pediatrics.

The findings are based on a survey in 32 elementary schools of two German cities, Dortmund and Essen. The researchers, led by Rebecca Muckelbauer, a nutritionist(营养学家) at the Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, weighed about 3,000 children, and asked them about their beverage consumption(饮料消费量).

At the beginning of the school year, the experts had water fountains added to 17 of the schools. The scientists also worked with teachers to carry out educational programs that promote the benefits of drinking water. In contrast to schools in the United States, there are very few schools in Germany that have water fountains.

At the beginning of the study, there were no big differences in the number of overweight children in the different groups. But by the end of the school year, children in the schools with water fountains were 31 per cent less likely to gain extra pounds, compared to kids who went to other schools, where water drinking was not encouraged.

Children in the schools with fountains increased their water consumption from about 3 up to 4 glasses a day, while those in the other schools continued to drink an average of 3 glasses. Over the research, the number of overweight kids upped from 384 to 385 out of 1,641 at the schools with water fountains. In comparison, the number of overweight kids at the other schools increased from 339 to 364 out of 1,309, Dr. Muckelbauer said.

The experts cannot make any final conclusions and explain why the students who were encouraged to drink water were less likely to gain extra weight. Dr. Muckelbauer noted that according to a few other studies, drinking of water increases the rate at which calories are burned, while some other research suggested that water may temporarily decrease appetite (食欲). 

1.What do we know about the survey from the passage?

A. The teachers were also encouraged to drink water.

B. The students surveyed were all overweight.

C. It surveyed children in the countryside.    

D. It lasted for a whole school year.

2. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A. Drinking water certainly decreases appetite.

B. Further research is needed to confirm the finding.

C. The experts will encourage all the students to drink water.

D. Why students drinking more get less pounds will be clear soon.

3. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Schools with water fountains          

B. Drink more water and become thinner

C. Water fountains at schools help kids stay thin

D. Water consumption at some German schools

 

People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to form strong memories.

An average night's rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind's ability to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.

In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn't improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.

It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed hem one art of the brain to others.

Title	REM Sleep 1.______ Memory
The result of the study	Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain's ability to2.______ memories.
The 3.____ of the study	◆ 4.______ were required to think of another word associated with all three words. ◆The same task was given to participants 5.______ a day. ◆ The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no 6.______. ◆ The REM sleep group7.______ well by an average of almost 40 per cent.
Dr Sara Mednick's 8._____	Connections between previous unassociated information in the brain are 9.______ during REM sleep
Conclusion	Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the 10. ______ information.