I stood up to speak and my mind went blank .Has this ever happened to you? You may be nervous in front of an audience（观众）.You may be worried that you didn’t prepare enough, You may have forgotten some of your facts. What can you do? Sometimes people prepare too much and become terrified if they can’t remember the words they have practised. It is a good idea to bring some notes to help you organize, but don’t memorize your speech. If you “go blank”,begin by explaining the purpose of your speech, and the test will probably follow.

“Go blank” here means       

A. to be absent-minded                B. to think too much suddenly

C. to be afraid of the audience          D. not knowing what to say at the moment

Before the listeners, the speakers who have pre-pared enough    

A. never go bland                         B. never feel afraid 

C. may forget the prepared words            D. may forget the opening speech

A good way to make to made a good speech is      

A. to memorize the speech             B. to organize the audience well

C. to have some brief motes at hand      D. to have the audience take notes

The man who goes blank in front of the listeners should       .

A. begin with the purpose of his speech       B. cut off the rest of his speech

C. see his notes right away                 D. find some way to draw the audience’s attention

I stood up to speak and my mind went blank .Has this ever happened to you? You may be nervous in front of an audience（观众）.You may be worried that you didn’t prepare enough, You may have forgotten some of your facts. What can you do? Sometimes people prepare too much and become terrified if they can’t remember the words they have practised. It is a good idea to bring some notes to help you organize, but don’t memorize your speech. If you “go blank”,begin by explaining the purpose of your speech, and the test will probably follow.

“Go blank” here means       

A. to be absent-minded                B. to think too much suddenly

C. to be afraid of the audience          D. not knowing what to say at the moment

Before the listeners, the speakers who have pre-pared enough     

A. never go bland                         B. never feel afraid 

C. may forget the prepared words            D. may forget the opening speech

A good way to make to made a good speech is      

A. to memorize the speech             B. to organize the audience well

C. to have some brief motes at hand      D. to have the audience take notes

The man who goes blank in front of the listeners should       .

A. begin with the purpose of his speech       B. cut off the rest of his speech

C. see his notes right away                 D. find some way to draw the audience’s attention

The new model is the highly interactive（互动的）learning model. We could also call it the conversational model, or the tutorial model. It is computer based, with the interaction between the student, or a small group of students, and learning programs are like the conversation between a student and a skilled tutor. Distance learning will be the main delivery method.

Student interaction with the learning material on the computer will use the student's natural language; it will seem like a conversation between a student and a human tutor. This is the key point of highly interactive, or conversational, learning units. Programs will ask questions in the student’s native language, and respond reasonably to free-form student input. Multiple choice and pointing will seldom be used; they often do not allow individualization (个体化) of education.

An important aspect of this model is that the computer will frequently store information about the student, about problems and about how far individual students have progressed. These records will be used often within the programs. Thus when a student returns to the learning activity, the computer knows about that student and knows where to begin the new part.

Global education is critical for the future, to get rid of poverty, corruption (腐败), violence and war, to solve major problems such as the lack of drinkable water, and to insure a happy life for all. Education should no longer be limited to the wealthy of the world, but should be available to everyone.

In the new distance learning environment learning can take place in markets, libraries, public buildings, learning centers, and the home. Gradually schools and universities will play a smaller role in learning, both because better learning can be delivered through such highly interactive material, and because such learning will be less costly for the individual student. Motivation (动机)is particularly important in a mastery-based distance learning, as the usual threats of traditional classrooms such as that of low grades are no longer possible.

Voice input will probably be the mode(模式) for this interaction. The new voice input systems from several companies are useful, cheap, and speaker independent in highly interactive learning. Keyboards may not be needed. Speech is a natural way for humans to communicate.

Students will work in small peer groups, about four. Other contacts with people, learning circles, will be possible, directly or electronically.

68. What is not the new model also called?

A. interactive model       B. conversational model  

C. tutorial model          D. linguistic model

69. What does the model often use?

A. individualization of education            B. multiple choice and pointing

  C. questions in students’ native language      D. fixed-form student input

70. What do computers detect(检查) students about?

  A. Their future achievements      B. Their intelligences  

  C. Their problems               D. Their families

71. According to the passage, distance learning ____________ .

  A. is still expensive for ordinary students   

  B. will take place mainly in classrooms.

  C. will play a more important role in students’ learning.   

D. will still affect badly on the low-graded students

A speech is a wonderful opportunity to inform, persuade or entertain. The best speeches often take on a combination of all three of these components（组成部分）. However, before you can go about the writing of a great speech, it is important to set goals. Goals keep you，your speech and your audience focused.
What a goal is
In the context of a speech, a goal is the purpose of the speech, and what it hopes to accomplish. For example, the goal of a eulogy(颂歌) might be to celebrate the life of a loved one. The goal of a speech at a political gathering would be to inform the crowd about the political position of a candidate and persuade them to vote and campaign for the candidate in question（正被讨论的）.
Why a goal is important
Without a goal, a speech is without direction. The goal informs the structure and content of the speech. For example, if a speech's goal is to convince people that smoking is bad for them, the speech will be structured with persuasive arguments to back up the goal. A speech with a goal of informing the audience will keep the information fair and factual.
A goal is incredibly important to the speech's ability to connect with an audience. If the speaker is unaware of the goal of the speech, the audience will likely be unaware as well. This severely reduces the effectiveness of the message.
Aside from informing the audience of the content and structure, a speech's goal drives the speaker to greater heights. If a speaker is asked to speak on a specific subject, but never establishes the goal, they won't know where to start in the research, organizing and writing of the speech.
______________
If you have been charged with(被委以) delivering a speech, establishing a goal can seem difficult at first. There are several things to take into consideration. First, think about who you will be speaking to. The demographic(人口统计) of your audience will likely determine whether you will be able to persuade them, or whether they will be able to sit through（一直坐到……结束）. Second, think about the topic itself. If the topic is something controversial（有争议的）, it may worth your while to consider an informative approach to present both sides of the issue. Finally, consider your resources. A speech with an informative or persuasive goal usually requires a great deal of research, and sometimes takes more time to write.
【小题1】According to the passage, what three components does the best speech combine?

A．Informing, delivering and entertaining.

B．Informing, persuading and entertaining.

C．Informing, writing and delivering.

D．Informing, writing and persuading.

【小题2】The goal of a speech at a political gathering might be ________.

A．to persuade the audience to vote for a candidate

B．to celebrate the life of a person you admire

C．to entertain the audience with humor and magic

D．to persuade the audience to buy new products

【小题3】All the following indicate the importance of a speech goal EXCEPT that ________.

A．a speech will lose its direction without a goal

B．a speech goal can help keep the audience aware of the speech

C．a speech goal can help the speaker know about the research, organizing and writing

D．a speech goal makes it possible for the speaker to achieve whatever he wants in life

【小题4】Which of the following can be filled into the blank as the subtitle for the last paragraph?

A．How to achieve a speech goal	B．How to deliver a difficult speech
C．What to consider to establish a goal	D．What to consider to deliver a speech

Speech—the act of uttering sounds to convey meaning—is a kind of human action. Like any other

constantly repeated action, speaking has to be learned, but once it is learned, it becomes a generally

unconscious and apparently automatic process.

   As far as we can determine, human beings do not need to be forced to speak; most babies seem to possess a

sort of instinctive drive to produce speech like noises. How to speak and what to say are another matter

altogetner. There actions are learned from the particular society into which the baby is born; so that, like all

conduct that is learned from a society—from the people around us—speech is a patterned activity.

   The meandering(漫目无地的)babble(咿呀学语)and chatter of a young child are eventually channeled by

imitation into a few orderly grooves that represent the pattern accepted as meaningful by the people around

him. Similarly, a child’s indiscriminate(不加分辨的)practice of putting things into his mouth becomes limited to putting food into his mouth in a certain way.

   The sounds that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds that any particular language uses. However, a child born into a society with a pattem of language is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over and over until it is natural for him to make these

sounds and not others.

1.For an adult, the process of speaking usually involves         .

   A. conscious selection of sounds     B. imitation of those around him

   C. a drive to make noises           D. unconscious actions

2.The selection says that most babies have an instinctive drive to        .

   A. express ideas in words          B. make speech like noise

   C. convey meaning               D. imitate sounds around them

3.Conduct that is learned from a society may be called      .

   A. instinctive drive  B. selection    C. automatic activity      D. patterned activity

4.The sounds that a child is able to make are        .

   A. not as varied as those used in language    B. more varied and numerous than those in any language

   C. far fewer than those needed to form a language   D. completely different from the sounds of language

5.We may say that a child has learned to speak if he       .

   A. makes varied sounds                 B. carefully considers each sound he makes

   C. makes only certain sounds naturally     D. imitates people around him