Some critics of American society say that dishonesty is rampant (猖獗) in the Federal Government. One example they city took place during March and April, 1980. For a whole month, they say, the United States lied to its allies (同盟国).

Cyrus Vance, who was then Secretary of State, was given the task of telling Great Britain, Japan, France, Germany and others that the United States would not take military action against Iran as long as we had the cooperation of our allies. Secretary of State Vance knew that the sudden attack to get out the American captives was already planned while he was talking to our allies. But he also knew that the reason for this deliberate lying was to save lives. The primary purpose of the deception(欺骗) was not to trick our allies but to mislead the Iranian kidnappers(绑架者) so that a rescue attempt could take place.

    Many students of ethics believe that lying for the sake of one’s country is justifiedin certain cases．In this case, having lied for the sake of his country, Secretary Vance secretly wrote a letter of resignation before the attack took place. By submitting(提交) his resignation before the attack, he showed that the result had nothing to do with his resignation. It can be said that former Secretary of State Vance deceived other governments only for humanitarian reasons. Then, once he had lied, he resigned.

  In that case, it is argued, lying may be justified. Without the deception, the rescue mission could not have taken place. Of course, dishonesty in government—at local, state and national levels—does not always have such noble reasons．A prime example is the so called Watergate Affair.

Most Americans were surprised and outraged by the news of Watergate Affair. But many Europeans were surprised at our surprise. Some European observers explained that they tend to think of lying；cheating, deception and corruption(腐败) as part of politics and government.

1．Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance lied, to the allies__________.

       A．to mislead Iranian government               B．on the purpose of saving lives

       C．for the sake of his own benefit              D．in order to get their cooperation

2．From the passage we learn that the United States ___________．

A．tricked their allies into attacking Iran  

B．took military action to capture Iranian kidnappers

C．undertook a rescue mission with the help of their allies

D．carried out an attack to rescue some Americans from the Iranian kidnappers

3．According to the passage, many students regard Vance’s lying as________.

       A．a reason for his resignation                   B．reasonable and acceptable

       C．unbelievable and unreasonable               D．an indication of his dishonesty

4．The author, like most Americans, regards the Watergate Affair as___________.

A．uncommon in politics and government

B．part of politics and government

C．justified dishonesty in government

D．a lie with noble reason   

5．What is the best title of the passage?

       A．The US government – a responsible government.

       B．Cooperation means military success.

       C．Should all dishonesty be criticized?

       D．Lying, a normal phenomenon in Europe.

　　If you were to come up with a list of organizations whose failures had done the most damage to the American economy in recent years，you would probably have to start with the Wall Street firms that brought us the financial．From there，you might move on to the automakers in Detroit．

　But I would suggest that the list should also include a less obvious nominee：public education．

　At its top level，the American system of higher education may be the best in the world．Yet in terms of its core mission-turning teenagers into educated college graduates—much of the system is failing．

　The United States does a good job enrolling(招生)teenagers in college，but only half of the students who enroll end up with a bachelor’s degree.

So identifying the causes of the college dropout crisis m the world's largest economy matters enormously, and a new book called Crossing the Finish Line tries to do precisely that．Its authors are economists William Bowen and Michael．McPherson，and a doctoral candidate Matthew Chigoes．The first problem they diagnose is something they call tender-matching。It refers to students who choose not to attend the best college they can get into．They instead go to a less selective one，perhaps one that is closer to home or less expensive．About half of the low—income students with a grade-point average of at least3．5 in high school and an SAT score of at least 1,200 do not attend the best college they could have。 “I was really astonished by the degree to which well—qualified students from poor families under-matched，” said Mr．Bowen．

In fact，well-off students attend the colleges that do the best job of producing graduates．Meanwhile，lower-income students-even when they are better qualified--often go to colleges that excel(擅长)in producing drop-outs．”It's really a waste，”Mr．Bowen said，”and a big problem for the country．”As the authors point out, the only way to lift the college graduation rate significantly is to lift it among poor and working—class students. Instead，it appears to have fallen。

What can be done? Money is clearly part of the answer.

61．Which of the following would people first think of as a factor responsible for the American financial crisis according to the passage?

A．The government　 　　　B．Public education

C．The Detroit automakers． D．The Wall Street firms

62．What is a big problem with American higher education?

A．It is hard to enroll enough students into college．

B．Many colleges are experiencing low rate of graduation.

C．Many college students stay away from classes.

D．It is nard for many colleges to get financial and from the government.

63．The title of the Book Crossing the Finish Line probably means　　　 .

A．running to the end of the line　 B．going to college

C．finishing college education　　 D．working hard in college

64．Why do some students under-match?

A．Because they have financial difficulty．

B．Because they face ambition crisis．

C．Because they lack confidence．

D．Because they can’t get guidance。

65．The passage is mainly about　　 ．

A．problems with secondary American education and possible solutions

B．America’s financial crisis, its cause and influence

C．low rate of American college graduation, its cause and its influence

D．relationship between American education and its economy

What’s your dream vacation? Watching wildlife in Kenya? Boating down the Amazon? Sunbathing in Malaysia? New chances are opening up all the time to explore the world. So we visit travel agents, compare packages and prices, and pay our money.
We know what our vacation costs us. But do we know what it might cost someone else? It’s true that many poorer countries now depend on tourism for foreign income. Unfortunately, though, tourism often harms the local people more than it helps them.
It might cost their homes and lands. In Myanmar, 5,200 people were forced to leave their homes among the pagodas（佛塔）in Bagan so that tourists could visit the pagodas.
Tourism might also cost the local people their livelihood and dignity. Local workers often find only menial（卑微的）jobs in the tourist industry. And most of the profits do not help the local economy. Instead, profits return to the tour operators in wealthier countries. When the Maasai people in Tanzania were driven from their lands, some moved to city slums. Others now make a little money selling souvenirs or posing for photos.
Problems like these were observed more than 20 years ago. But now some non-government organizations, tour operators and local governments are working together to begin correcting them. Tourists, too, are putting on the pressure.
The result is responsible tourism, or“ethical tourism.”Ethical tourism has people at its heart. New international agreements and codes of conduct can help protect the people’s lands, homes, economies and cultures. The beginnings are small, though, and the problems are complex.
But take heart. The good news is that everyone, including us, can play a part to help the local people in the places we visit. Tour operators and companies can help by making sure that local people work in good conditions and earn reasonable wages.
They can make it a point to use only locally owned hotels, restaurants and guide services. They can share profits fairly to help the local economy. And they can involve the local people in planning and managing tourism.
What can tourists do? First, we can ask tour companies to provide information about the conditions of local citizens. We can then make our choices and tell them why. And while we’re abroad, we can:
★Buy local foods and products, not imported ones.
★Pay a fair price for goods and services and not bargain for the cheapest price.
★Avoid flaunting(炫耀) wealth.
★Ask before taking photographs of people. They are not just part of the landscape! Let’s enjoy our vacation and make sure others do, too.
【小题1】.
．What is probably the best title for the article?

A．Tourism Causes Bad Effects	B．Tourism Calls for Good Behavior
C．Vacations Bring a Lot of Fun	D．Vacations Cost More Than You Think

【小题2】.
The underlined phrase“take heart”means“     ”.

A．pay attention

B．take care

C．cheer up

D．calm down

【小题3】.
According to the passage, the writer thinks     .

A．tourism is not a promising industry.

B．dream vacations should be spent abroad

C．the problems caused by tourism are easy to settle.

D．tourists should respect local customs and culture

What’s your dream vacation? Watching wildlife in Kenya? Boating down the Amazon? Sunbathing in Malaysia? New chances are opening up all the time to explore the world. So we visit travel agents, compare packages and prices, and pay our money.

    We know what our vacation costs us. But do we know what it might cost someone else? It’s true that many poorer countries now depend on tourism for foreign income. Unfortunately, though, tourism often harms the local people more than it helps them.

    It might cost their homes and lands. In Myanmar, 5,200 people were forced to leave their homes among the pagodas（佛塔）in Bagan so that tourists could visit the pagodas.

    Tourism might also cost the local people their livelihood and dignity. Local workers often find only menial（卑微的）jobs in the tourist industry. And most of the profits do not help the local economy. Instead, profits return to the tour operators in wealthier countries. When the Maasai people in Tanzania were driven from their lands, some moved to city slums. Others now make a little money selling souvenirs or posing for photos.

    Problems like these were observed more than 20 years ago. But now some non-government organizations, tour operators and local governments are working together to begin correcting them. Tourists, too, are putting on the pressure.

    The result is responsible tourism, or“ethical tourism.”Ethical tourism has people at its heart. New international agreements and codes of conduct can help protect the people’s lands, homes, economies and cultures. The beginnings are small, though, and the problems are complex.

    But take heart. The good news is that everyone, including us, can play a part to help the local people in the places we visit. Tour operators and companies can help by making sure that local people work in good conditions and earn reasonable wages.

    They can make it a point to use only locally owned hotels, restaurants and guide services. They can share profits fairly to help the local economy. And they can involve the local people in planning and managing tourism.

    What can tourists do? First, we can ask tour companies to provide information about the conditions of local citizens. We can then make our choices and tell them why. And while we’re abroad, we can:

    ★Buy local foods and products, not imported ones.

★Pay a fair price for goods and services and not bargain for the cheapest price.

★Avoid flaunting(炫耀) wealth.

★Ask before taking photographs of people. They are not just part of the landscape! Let’s enjoy our vacation and make sure others do, too.

1..

．What is probably the best title for the article?

A．Tourism Causes Bad Effects       B．Tourism Calls for Good Behavior

C．Vacations Bring a Lot of Fun     D．Vacations Cost More Than You Think

2..

The underlined phrase“take heart”means“      ”.

    A．pay attention  B．take care      C．cheer up       D．calm down

3..

According to the passage, the writer thinks      .

    A．tourism is not a promising industry.

    B．dream vacations should be spent abroad

    C．the problems caused by tourism are easy to settle.

    D．tourists should respect local customs and culture