A plane crash in Western Russian killed Polish President Lech Kaczynski and the other 96 political and military officials on board on April 10. The accident has led to huge national mourning in Poland. But it may provide an opportunity for reconciliation (和解) between Poland and Russia, countries that have a troubled relationship.

Many from the political elite were lost in the crash. Beside the president, the dead include the army chief of Staff, the head of National Security Bureau, the national bank president, the deputy foreign minister and other members of parliament.

The Polish delegation was heading to Russia to mark the 70 th anniversary of the Katyn Massacre (屠杀) when the accident occurred. In 1940, about 22,000 Polish soldiers, intellectuals, and officials captured after the Soviet Army invaded Poland in 1939, were killed secretly by Soviet police in the forest of Russia’s Katyn.

The Katyn Massacre had been a sensitive topic between the countries. The former Soviet Union always denied responsibility for the massacre. It was not until 1992 that Russian released archived documents about the killing.

Katyn is merely a short chapter in Poland and Russia’s long and troubled history. In the 18 th century, along with Prussia, (then an important part of Germany) and Austria. Russia participated in three carve – ups of Poland. In 1795, after the third carve – up, the country was erased from the map of Europe. It was in 1918 that Poland regained its independence. But in 1939, at the beginning of the World War II, it was invaded by Germany and the Soviet Union under a secret pact. After the war, Poland became a communist country with close ties to the Soviet Union.

In 1989, Poland switched to capitalism and pursued a pro – West position. The most recent tension between the two countries was in 2008. That year, Poland decided to have a US missile shield (导弹防御系统) on its soil, while neighboring Russia threatened to aim missiles at Poland.

But the plane crash has created a chance for reconciliation, with Russia sharing the sadness of Poland. Russia has declared April 12 a day of mourning for the victims. Flags flew at half – mast in Moscow. And earlier on April 7, Russia Prime Minister Vladimir Putin became the first Russian leader to mark the anniversary of the massacre.

“I think it should improve relations between the two countries, as Russians feel our grief,” said Radek Sikorski, Pland’s foreign minister.

66．Put the following events in order of time.

①The Katyn Massacre

②Poland switched to capitalism.

③Russia divided Poland with Austria and Prussia.

④Poland became a communist country.

⑤Poland was invaded by the Soviet Army.

A．③①④⑤② B．③⑤①④②  C．①③⑤④②  D．①⑤②④③

67．After the accident, which of the following did Russia do to share the sadness of Poland?

A．Flags were lowed to half – mast in the capital city of Russia.

B．Russia threatened to aim missiles at Poland.

C．Russia declared the day when the accident happened a day of mourning for the victims.

D．Vladimir Putin marked the anniversary of the massacre.

68．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The Katyn Massacre was the very beginning of Poland and Russia’s trouble relationship.

B．In 1939 about 22,000 Polish soldiers, intellectuals, and officials were killed by Soviet police in the forest of Russia’s Katyn.

C．Altogether 96 political and military officials were killed in the accident.

D．The relationship between Poland and Russia has not always been tense since the three carve – ups of Poland in the 18 th century.

69．It can be conclude from the article that        .

A．the relationship between Poland and Russia will be even tenser than before

B．Poland will cancel its plan to mark the anniversary of the Katyn Massacre

C．no Russian leaders have marked the anniversary of the massacre before, though Russia released the truth in 1992.

D．Poland will forgive Russians, for they showed great sympathy after the accident.

70．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．The troubled relationship between Russia and Poland.

B．Poland and Russia united by tragedy.

C．The 70 th anniversary of the Katyn Massacre.

D．A plane crash killing Polish president.

 

Regarded as one of the English language’s most gifted poets, John Keats wrote poetry that concentrated on imagery, human nature, and philosophy. Although Keats didn’t receive much formal literary education, his own studies and passion brought him much success. Additionally, his own life situation influenced his poetry greatly.

    Growing up as a young boy in London in a lower middle-class family, the young John didn’t attend a private school, but went to a public one. His teachers and his family’s friends regarded him as an optimistic boy who favored playing and fighting much more than minding his studies. After his father’s death in the early 1800s, followed by his mother’s passing due to tuberculosis (肺结核), he began viewing life differently. He wanted to escape the world and did so by reading anything he could get his hands on.

    At around the age of 16, the teenage John Keats began studying under a surgeon so that he too might become a doctor. However, his literary appetite had taken too much of his fancy, especially with his addiction to the poetry of Ehmund Spenser. He was able to have his first full poem published in the Examiner in 1816, entitled O Solitude! If I Must With Thee Dwell. Within two months in 1817, Keats had written an entire volume of poetry, but was sharply criticized by a magazine. However, the negative response didn’t stop his pursuit of rhythm (韵律).

    John Keats’ next work was Endymion, which was published in May 1818. The story involves a shepherd who falls in love with the moon goddess and leads him on an adventure of one boy’s hope to overcome the limitations of being human. Following Engymion, however, he tried something more narrative-based and wrote Isabella. During this time, John Keats began seeing his limitations in poetry due to his own limit in life experiences. He would have to have the “knowledge” associated with his poems. His next work was Hyperion that would attempt to combine all that he learned. However, a bout (发作) with tuberculosis while visiting Italy would keep him from his work and eventually take his life in 1821.

1.John Keats’ attitude towards life changed because of _________.

A. his early education from school           B. the deaths of his parents

C. Edmund Spenser’s poetry                D. the criticism of a magazine

2.What is the common thing between John Keats and his mother?

A. They read many books.

B. They had a bad childhood

C. They died of the same disease.

D. They showed strong interest in poetry

3.What do we know from the passage?

A. Keats received little education at school.

B. Keats once had a chance of becoming a doctor.

C. In 1816 Keats spent two months writing a poem.

D. Endymion was about a real love story.

4.While pursuing his dream of becoming a poet at first, John Keats was __________.

A. determined    B. experienced    C. knowledgeable    D. impatient

5.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Keats’ family must have been very poor when he was young.

B. Edmund Spenser was the greatest poet in Keats’ time.

C. It is likely that Keats rewrote his poem Isabella.

D. The poem Hyperion wasn’t completed by Keats.

 

A new study has been carried to test the role of story telling in lowering blood pressure．Dr．Thomas Houston, a professor of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, led a group of scientists that investigated how pre-recorded videos of hypertension （高血压） patients' talking about their medical histories helped another group of patients with high blood pressure to control their condition over several months．

    Houston was surprised by their studies that suggested that communication can be a powerful tool in medicine．They showed that those who had had similar experiences, when talking to someone with a similar background, could help change their behavior to become healthier．Hypertension is difficult to control, since it is dependent on diet, exercise and mental state．Medical treatments with drugs, and lifestyle therapies（疗法） have been relatively ineffective because people find it hard to follow those medical requirements．

    In the test, his team carefully chose their story-tellers from 230 members of a patients' community with whom they could most easily relate．Next, they divided their study population into two groups．One received three interactive （互动） DVDs containing the tellers' stories of their experiences in living with and treating their hypertension．The other were given educational discs on an unrelated health topic．The study volunteers reported that they had listened to the DVDs, and after three months, those who heard the stories of the hypertensive patients lowered their blood pressure．

    While the study did not address how the story-telling influenced the patients' behavior, Houston suspects that watching patients of similar backgrounds who had a similar medical experience helped to motivate them to seek medical help to their hypertension．They found that after six months the difference in blood pressure between those who watched the story-tellers and those who observed the unrelated videos remained, suggesting that the story-telling continued to have an effect．

1.We can learn from the text that the pre-recorded videos _________．

A．tell medical histories of hypertension patients

B．introduce some medical treatments of hypertension

C．introduce a good lifestyle for hypertensive patients

D．tell scientific discoveries of the scientist group

2.Houston was surprised to find that _______．

    A．hypertension is really difficult to control

    B．communication has some medical effects

    C．medical treatments have no effect at all

    D．people don't follow the medical requirements

3.Which of the following is true about the study?

    A．The scientists chose 230 patients from a hospital．

    B．Both the groups used the same videos about health topic．

    C．The two groups lowered blood pressure in different degrees．

    D．The story-tellers were hypertension patients as well．

4.Which of the following could be the best title of the text?

    A．The stories of some hypertension patients．

    B．Medical treatments of blood pressure．

    C．Storytelling may help lower blood pressure．

    D．Suggestions about how to lower blood pressure．

 

Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need．It has been demonstrated（证明）that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins(维生素) to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles．When a fragrant（香的）flavor（作料）was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water．In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were．

In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria（自助） feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them．They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in．We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet．

So, in choosing food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them．Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose．Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could．Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-formed habits．Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs．So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them．

1.In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to _____________ .

     A．encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched water

     B．test whether rats know which drink is good for them

       C．find out rats’ preference in flavor

     D．demonstrate the vitamins are tasteless

2.According to the passage ,adults eating habits differ from those of babies because_________．

       A．adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health

       B．adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods

       C．adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns

       D．adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs

3.The author implied in the passage that most of us_________．

       A．eat a balanced diet

       B．choose the food that is of nutrition

       C．have the habits influenced by the surroundings

       D．like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor．

 

4.As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that_________．

       A．both prefer flavored food and drink

       B．both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet

       C．both have the same eating patterns

       D．both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors

 

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.

　　The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837.That year, Daguere, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's way .Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .People took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.

　　In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film(胶片) and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

　　Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many picture of great people .The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)

　　Photography has also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photos were nor just copies of the real world .They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.

1.The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of ____________

A. his business　　　B. his house　　　　C. his garden　　　　D. his window

2.The Daguerreotype was____________.

A. a Frenchman　　　　B. a kind of photo

C. a kind of camera　　 D. a photographer

3.If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to__________.

A. watch lots of films

B. buy an expensive camera

C. stop in most cities

D. take many films and something else with him.

4.Mathew Brady______________.

A. was very lifelike

B. was famous for his unusual pictures

C. was quite strong

D. took many pictures of moving people