题目列表(包括答案和解析)
In the past decade the popularity of rock climbing has greatly increased, and so has the number of
injuries. It has been estimated that rock climbing is now enjoyed by more than 9 million people in the US
each year. Study findings revealed a 65 percent increase in the number of patients that were treated in US emergency departments 
for rock climbingrelated injuries between 1991 and 2008.
The study, published in the online issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that
about 40, 000 patients were treated in US emergency departments for rock climbingrelated injuries
between 1991 and 2008. The most common types of rock 
climbingrelated injuries were fractures (骨折)
and sprains (扭伤). The ankle was the most common body part to be injured (40 percent). Climbers in the study ranged in age from 2 to 74, with an average age of 26. The study also found that women took up a
quarter of the injuries.
Falls were the primary reason for injury with over threequarters of the injuri
es occurring as the result of a fall. The severity of fallrelated injuries had a lot to do with the height of the fall. Patients who were injured after falling from a height over 20 feet were 10 times more likely to be treated than patients who were
injured falling from 20 feet or lower.
"We found that the climbers who fell from heights higher than 20 feet took up 70 percent of the patients treated for a rock climbingrelate
d injury," explained the study author Lara McKenzie, PhD, director at
the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Hospital." This trend, combined with the fact that rock climbers have a higher hospitalization rate than other sports and recreational injuries, demonstrates the need to increase injury prevention efforts for climbers."
everity of climbers' fallrelated injures is mainly related to ________.
"The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic,”say scientists. The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The lowering of the waters’pH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature.
Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.
These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change．"This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira. "And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed（超过）anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid（小行星) impacts．”
However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life．Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to pH changes．Coral reefs and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate（小行星) may be particularly affected if the water's acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH.
In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming．But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered. "Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing-because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2, is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming.”
According to Dr Caldeira,__________ .
A. ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing
B. more oil fuels will be used in the near future
C. scientists may predict climate changes with computer models
D. the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious
f the water's acidity level keeps rising,_________ .
A. ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected
B. the waters’pH value will become higher and higher
C. organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to pH changes
D. some disastrous events will occur more often than before
Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce________ .
A. the CO2 absorbed by the ocean B. the amount of greenhouse warming
C. the acidity of the ocean D. the gradual release of CO2
The purpose of this passage is to_________ .
A. show people the findings of a research team B. inform people of how acid the ocean is now
C. introduce Dr Caldeira and his team's research D. warn people of the higher level of CO2
“The world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic．” say scientists．The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere．
The lowering of the waters’ PH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn．Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature．Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater．Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid．Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century．
These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change．“This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira．“And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed（超过） anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid（小行星） impacts．
However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life．Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes．Coral reefs（珊瑚礁） and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） may be particularly affected if the water’s acidity levels keep going up, the team predict．They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower PH．
In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming．But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered．“Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing --- because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming．”
1．The ocean is becoming more acidic due to __________．
A．the lower water PH value
B．the warming atmosphere
C．the higher level of CO2 in the air
D．the increasing use of oil fuels
2．According to Dr Caldeira, __________．
A．ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing
B．more oil fuels will be used in the near future
C．scientists may predict climate changes with computer models
D．the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious
3．If the water’s acidity level keeps rising, __________．
A．ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected
B．the waters’ PH value will become higher and higher
C．organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to PH changes
D．some disastrous events will occur more often than before
4．Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce __________．
A．the CO2 absorbed by the ocean B．the amount of greenhouse warming
C．the acidity of the ocean D．the gradual release of CO2
5．The purpose of this passage is to __________．
A．show people the findings of a research team
B．inform people of how acid the ocean is now
C．introduce Dr Caldeira and his team’s research
D．warn people of the higher level of CO2
“The world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic．” say scientists．The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere．
The lowering of the waters’ pH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn．Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature．Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater．Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid．Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century．
These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change．“This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO
into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira．“And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed（超过） anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid（小行星） impacts．
However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life．Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to pH changes．Coral reefs（珊瑚礁） and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） may be particularly affected if the water’s acidity levels keep going up, the team predict．They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH．
In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming．But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered．“Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing --- because in releasing CO into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming．”
1．The ocean is becoming more acidic due to __________．
A．the lower water pH value B．the warming atmosphere
C．the higher level of CO in the air D．the increasing use of oil fuels
2．According to Dr Caldeira, __________．
A．ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing
B．more oil fuels will be used in the near future
C．scientists may predict climate changes with computer models
D．the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious
3．If the water’s acidity level keeps rising, __________．
A．ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected
B．the waters’ pH value will become higher and higher
C．organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to pH changes
D．some disastrous events will occur more often than before
4．Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce __________．
A．the COabsorbed by the ocean B．the amount of greenhouse warming
C．the acidity of the ocean D．the gradual release of CO
5．The purpose of this passage is to __________．
A．show people the findings of a research team
B．inform people of how acid the ocean is now
C．introduce Dr Caldeira and his team’s research
D．warn people of the higher level of CO
"The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic．"say scientists．The researchers from California
report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The lowering of the waters'pH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to
current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature.
Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be
absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the
oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.
These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know
about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change．"This level of acidity will get
much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing COZ into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira.
"And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed(超过)anything we have seen over the last
several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid(小1j-%+)
impacts．"
However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life．Most organisms live near the
surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life f
orms may
be more sensitive to pH changes．Coral reefs and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate(小行星) may be particularly affected if the water's acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. They
could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH.
In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep
ocean as a way of dealing with global warming．But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be
re-considered. "Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good
thing一because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2, is absorbed
by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming."
A. the lower water pH value
B．the warming atmosphere
C．the higher level of COZ in the air
D．the increasing use of oil fuels
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