A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable. And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.
【小题1】_____ might serve as a suitable title for this selection.

A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.

It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.

Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable. And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.

But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?

We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.

1._____ might serve as a suitable title for this selection.

2.Using context clues we may infer that " iodine, fluoride and calcium" are _____.

3.We may infer from the third paragraph that geography and climate play an important role in determining the inhabitants' _____.

4.According to the author, research into the influence of geography and climate should_____.

5.The author hopes that studies on the influence of geographical environment will enable us to           

A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable. And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.

1. 1.

   _____ might serve as a suitable title for this selection.

   1. A.
      The Importance of Geographical Environment
   2. B.
      The Influence of Geographical Environment on Man
   3. C.
      Generalization of Types of People
   4. D.
      Geographical Environment, a Mysterious Subject
2. 2.

   Using context clues we may infer that " iodine, fluoride and calcium" are _____.

   1. A.
      substances which act positively or negatively on man's health
   2. B.
      harmful substances in the water supply
   3. C.
      substances which help provide breeding places for pests
   4. D.
      substances contributory to good health
3. 3.

   We may infer from the third paragraph that geography and climate play an important role in determining the inhabitants' _____.

   1. A.
      health condition
   2. B.
      personality
   3. C.
      life-span
   4. D.
      all of the above
4. 4.

   According to the author, research into the influence of geography and climate should_____.

   1. A.
      focus on some unknown aspects
   2. B.
      be pursued on a larger scale
   3. C.
      be carried out within a larger scope
   4. D.
      go much deeper
5. 5.

   The author hopes that studies on the influence of geographical environment will enable us to           

   1. A.
      generalize better about types of people
   2. B.
      find better water supplies
   3. C.
      gain an insight into its influence on mankind
   4. D.
      live to a ripe old age

For thousands of years, mankind has produced plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and animals. For example, modern com has been produced to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without man’s assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk and if they are not often emptied of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Besides, most dogs raised by people can not survive in the wild even with special training.

Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective production programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already taken a back seat to mankind’s production programs. In addition, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For example, there are no more European wolves in existence and mammoths (猛犸象) probably died out because of mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently got rid of from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon be too. Again, natural evolution did i»t cause most of the destruction during man’s rule of the world.

Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than natural evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be created and destroyed by mankind, while natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only accidentally. Scientists are even able to replace defective (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes to attempt to cure genetic defects. This is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct.

Eventually scientists will even be able to improve the quality of people. For example, imagine not only correcting your eyesight with gene treatment, but also ensuring that all of your children do not receive your old genes of poor eyesight too. Scientists will one day be able to improve the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize (订制) babies before they are born just like picking options at a car store.

1.According to the first paragraph,______ .

A. man-made evolution has improved all species

B. man-made evolution has weakened some species

C man-made evolution can make up for all natural losses

D. natural evolution won’t happen without man’s assistance

2.What does the underlined part “taken a back seat to” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Become powerful assistance to.   

B. Become a huge barrier to.

C Speeded up the process of.   

D. Played a less important role than.

3.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

A. Why natural evolution happens so slowly.

B. The way scientists adopt to have genetic defects repaired.

C. The advantages of man-made evolution over natural evolution.

D. How scientists make use of man-made evolution to create new species.

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Near-sighted parents will be able to produce babies with good eyesight in the future.

B. Doctors and scientists will be responsible for mass production of babies in the future.

C. It is natural evolution that is to blame for the destruction of European wolves and mammoths.

D. Children can now have their memory and intelligence improved with the help of gene treatment.

阅读理解

　　There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have proved proper. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much, too fast.

　　Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is coming near to certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resource in the world's population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.

　　People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate these are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial (财政的) resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.

　　This discussion over the desirability of continued economic growth is very important to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problem they mention cannot be ignored(忽视). To find an answer, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.

1．The passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．the importance of the discussion on economic growth

B．the advantages and disadvantages of economic growth

C．the present discussion on economic growth

D．the relationship between economic growth and environment

2．Those who want more economic growth believe that continued economic growth ________.

[　　]

A．is important and necessary to the well-being society as a whole

B．has nothing to do with natural surrounding at all

C．can provide the answer to many of our social problems today

D．can provide us with more natural resources for industrialization

3．We may infer from the passage that the author ________.

[　　]

A．is for economic growth

B．is against continued economic growth

C．is much worried about the economic problems

D．describes the cases as it is

4．The underlined word “proponents” in the third paragraph means ________.

[　　]

A．people who argue against something

B．people who argue for something

C．arguments in support of something

D．strong opposite opinions