这里的词汇基础不仅仅是指对所学单词的读音、拼写和意义的掌握，还要懂得常用单词的前后搭配、近义词辨析及短语动词的区别等。中考单填空题涉及到：

　(1) 常用词的前后搭配。请看下面这道中考题：

　The earth is our home. We must ______it clean.

　A. change

　B. sweep

　C. keep

　D. build

　答案是C，因为在这几个动词中能接“宾语+宾补”的只有keep。

　(2) 近义词细微差别，特别是近义动词、名词、形容词和副词的辨析。如常考的有：spend, cost, pay, take; talk, speak, tell, say; borrow, lend, keep, use; take, bring, fetch; hope, wish, expect; start, begin; lie, lay; hear, listen, sound; see, look; beat, win, lose, fail; rise, raise, lift; forget, leave; sound, voice, noise; home, family, house, room; game, match; excuse, reason; large, big; good, well等等。请看下面这道中考题：

　The temperature was below zero. It was difficult to ______ the car.

　A. move

　B. get

　C. begin

　D. star

　答案是D。温度低与能否搬动、移动汽车，或者得到汽车均无关系，极易排除答案A和B；关键是区分begin和start，只要懂得使机器开始运转或发动机的开动只能用start而不用begin，就可选出正确答案了D。

　(3) 短语动词的比较，特别是由get, look, take, put, turn, come, send等动词加up, down, for, to, on, after, in, out, off, away等介词或副词构成的短语动词。常考的有：get on / off / up / back; look at / for / after / up / out / like; put down / up / off / on / away; take off / up / down / away; turn off / on / up / down; send up / off / for; open up, made up; agree with, come up with等等。请看下面这道中考题：

　I didn’t go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to ______ my little sister at home.

　A. look after

　B. look at

　C. look for

　D. look like

　答案是C，由句子的意思可知母亲叫我在叫“照看(look for)”妹妹。此题要求考生熟记各词组的不同意思。

10. I’ve just been to _______. I’ve got a bad colD.

　A. the doctor

　B. the doctor’s

　C. the doctors

9. This is a photo of his _______. Is she beautiful?

　A. girlfriend

　B. girlfriend’s

　C. girl’s friend

　D. girlsfriend

8. I want to buy a new _______ of trousers.

　A. piece

　B. pair

　C. pairs

　D. 不填

7. The city streets are full of _______.

　A. street, traffic

　B. streets, traffics

　C. streets, traffic

　D. street, traffics()

6. _______, please.

　A. Two tea

　B. Two teas

　C. Two cup of teas

　D. Two cups of teas

5. Now students don’t have _______ homework to do at home.

　A. much

　B. many

　C. little

　D. few

4. Look, the _______ are fat, but the _______ are thin.

　A. sheep, goat

　B. sheeps, goats

　C. sheeps, goat

　D. sheep, goats ()

3. Mr Smith gave me _______ on how to study English?

　A. some advice

　B. some advices

　C. some piece of advice

　D. some piece of advices

2. Would you please pass me _______? I want to write a letter.

　A. a paper ()

　B. a piece of paper

　C. two paper

　D. two piece of paper