题目列表(包括答案和解析)
11、be+形容词结构。这类形容词如:invisible, forgettable,comfortable等具有动词含义的特点。因而常以主动形式表示被动含义。例如:
Names and addresses are forgettable.(=Names and addresses are forgotten easily.)人名和地址易忘。
10、worth用作形容词时,作表语,后面一般接动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思。例如:
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。
9、当表示“需要”含义的动词如:need, require, want等作谓语,其主语为物时,这类动词后面的动名词要用主动形式表示被动意思。例如:
The house needs cleaning.(or: The house needs to be cleaned.)这房间需要打扫。
My hair requires cutting.(or: My hair requires to be cut.)我需要理发。
8、be+形容词+不定式结构。此结构的不定式与主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,因而不定式须用及物动词或相当与及物动词的短语动词。因而此结构的形容词大多数表示说话人对不定式动作的看法态度或感受等。如difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, fit,等或表示主语人或物所具有的特征,如 :nice,light,strong,beautiful,heavy等。形式上是主动的,意思上却是被动的。例如:
This text is very difficult to understand.这篇课文很难懂。
The water is not fit to drink.这水不宜饮用。
The man is very easy to get along with.那个人很容易相处。
The room is comfortable to live in.这房间住起来很舒服。
7、不定式作后置定语的结构。当作定语用的不定式除了被修饰的词有动宾关系外,还与句子的主语或宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式须用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:
Is there anything to say? 还有什么要说的吗?
We have a lot of things to do.我们有许多事情要做。
注意:若不定式与句子主语或宾语不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,只与所修饰的词有动宾关系时,即只有动作的承受者,没有动作的执行者时,不定式应用被动式。例如:
He has something to be told to you.他有事(要我)转告你。
Have you anything to be taken to him?你有什么东西(要我)带给他吗?
6、be + 副词或介词短语,如be on, be on show, be on sale, be in(out of) sight, be under discussion等,这类副词或介词短语往往具有动词含义,相当于被动语态表达的意义。例如:
Summer wear is on sale.(=Summer wear is being sold.)夏季衣服正在出售。
The film had been on for five minutes when I got to the cinema.(=The film had been show when I got to the cinema.)我到电影院时电影已放映了五分钟。
The two canoes were almost out of sight.(=The two canoes could hardly been seen any more.)那两只独木舟几乎看不到了。
5、有些“系动词+分词”的结构,意思上也接近被动结构。例如:
He got wounded in a battle.他在一次战斗中负伤。
Many countries became liberated in the following months.接下来的数月中,许多国家获得解放。
4、表示“发生,进行”之类不及物动词如:happen,last,take place, break out,go on, go by, move on等,以主动式表示被动含义。例如:
You'd better wait and see what happens to him.你最好等着瞧他会发生什么事。
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.大楼的第11层着火时,有500多人正在那幢楼上工作。
Will the weather last long? 这种天气会持续很久吗?
But many months went by and no one visited the island.可是一连许多月过去了,竟没有人来光顾这个岛屿。
3、一些表达事物行为、方式的动词如:wash, sell, write, say, open等,习惯以主动形式表示被动的含义。因为这样使用更简洁,更符合英美人的习惯,尤其在口语中。例如:
The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.这家商店相当新,因为在一星期前才开业。
This kind of cloth washes very well.这种布料很好洗涤。
The door opened and in came Mr. White.门开了,怀特先生走进来。
The book sells well.这书很畅销。
2、有少数及物动词(do, owe欠 ,cook, print, build)等,常用进行时态表示被动意思。例如:
The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮。
The book is printing.书在印刷中。
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