2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数

　(1)加s，如：photo-photos　piano-pianos　radio-radios　zoo-zoos　kilo-kilos

　(2)加es，如：potato-potatoes　tomato-tomatoes　Negro-Negroes　hero-heroes

　歌诀记忆：黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和马铃薯(potato)。除了这四个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。

1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数

　(1)加－s，如：

　belief-beliefs　roof-roofs　gulf-gulfs

　(2)去f，fe加－ves，如：

　half-halves　knife-knives　leaf-leaves　life-lives　wolf-wolves

　thief-thieves　self-selves　wife-wives　shelf-shelves

歌诀记忆：树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄；妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮；架(shelf)后窜出一匹狼(wolf)；就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改－f(e)为v，再加－es，其他的以－f(e)结尾的名词则直接加－s变复数。

6.有过去式，没有过去分词的动词

　can-could　may-might　must-must　shall-should　will-would

　不规则名词复数形式

5.A-B-C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)

　(1)in、im的变化(i-a-u型)

　sing-sang-sung　ring-rang-rung　begin-began-begun

　drink-drank-drunk　swim-swam-swum　sink-sank-sunk

　(2)在动词原形后加－n或－en构成过去分词

　①ow及aw的变化(过去式以ew结尾，过去分词以wn结尾)

　draw-drew-drawn　know-knew-known　throw-threw-thrown

　blow-blew-blown　grow-grew-grown　fly-flew-flown

　②元音是i的开音节的变化(过去分词以en结尾)

　drive-drove-driven　rise-rose-risen　ride-rode-ridden

　write-wrote-written　give-gave-given

　③其他

　see-saw-seen　eat-ate-eaten　take-took-taken　fall-fell-fallen　freeze-froze-frozen　show-showed-shown　break-broke-broken

　speak-spoke-spoken　wake-woke-woken　choose-chose-chosen

　forget-forgot-forgotten　lie(躺，放)-lay-lain　wear-wore-worn

　be(am，is，are)-was/were-been

　(3)其他

　go-went-gone　do-did-done

4.A-B-B型(动词的过去式与过去分词相同)

　(1)词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”

　build-built-built　lend-lent-lent　send-sent-sent　spend-spent-spent

　burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned　learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned

　mean-meant-meant

　(2)把原形变为aught及ought的变化(如果原形有a则是aught，无a则是ought)

　buy-bought-bought　bring-brought-brought　think-thought-thought

　fight-fought-fought　catch-caught-caught　teach-taught-taught

　(3)eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词

　keep-kept-kept　sleep-slept-slept　sweep-swept-swept　leave-left-left

　say-said-said　meet-met-met　spell-spelt-spelt

　smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled　hold-held-held　feel-felt-felt

　(4)其他

　dig-dug-dug　find-found-found　stand-stood-stood

　understand-understood-understood　get-got-got　sit-sat-sat

　spoil-spoilt-spoilt　have/has-had-had　sell-sold-sold　tell-told-told　hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung　hear-heard-heard　make-made-made

　pay-paid-paid　lay-laid-laid　lie(说谎)-lied-lied　lose-lost-lost

　shine-shone/shined-shone/shined　win-won-won　shoot-shot-shot

3.A-B-A型(现在式和过去分词同形)

　come-came-come

　become-became-become

　run-ran-run

2.A-A-B型(现在式和过去式同形)

　beat-beat-beaten

1.A-A-A型(无变化的动词)

　cut-cut-cut　let-let-let　hit-hit-hit　put-put-put　cost-cost-cost　hurt-hurt-hurt　read/ri?d/-read[red]-read[red]

15. Cars, buses and bikes　　　　　 stop when the traffic light is red. (09延庆二模)

A. can　　　　　　 B. must　　　　　 C. may　　　　 D. need

练习答案：

代词

CCABB CCDDB DADBD DBADB DADBB

情态动词

BACDD BACDB BBAAB

14. ---______ you play golf?

　 ---No. But I can play table tennis.

　 A. Can　 B. May　 C. Must　 D. Should