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(二)、定语从句与强调结构

 It is the place where they lived before.

 It is in the place that they lived before.

 第一个句子为定语从句,where指代the place,在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调in the place,that没有意义,把in the place 放回后面句子,句子意思完整。

 Where is it that he found the lost watch?(强调句型,强调疑问副词where)。

 Where is the watch that he found yesterday.(定语从句,that指代the watch)

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  定语从句又称为关系从句,是最常见的从句之一,每年高考题对之均有考查。

(一)、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性

 定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。例如:

 The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School.

 但注意下列一组句子:

 He is the only one of the students who was here just now.

 He is one of the students who were here just now.

 如果"one of +复数名词"后跟有定语从句,一般情况下"one of"后的复数名词为先行词,但当one前有the only,the very,just the修饰时,先行词则为one。

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2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:

 (1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.

 (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.

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1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

  (1)as多与such 或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

  (2)as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。例如:

The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

  (3)the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。

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3. 先行词与定语从句隔离

 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:

 1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..

 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited

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2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

 (1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

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1.二者差异比较

 限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。

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2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因

 That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。

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1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

  关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。

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3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

 (1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

 (2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:

  We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..

 (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:

  This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

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