3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

　例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。

2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。

　例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。

1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。

　例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。

6.2 worth 的用法 worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.　意为"值得"。 1. worth： be worth + n.　 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……" 　be worth doing sth.　"……某事值得被做" 　　The question is not worth discussing again and again. 2. worthy： be worthy of +n.　当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……" 　be worthy to be done "某事值得被做" 　　The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth　 "值得做某事" 　 worth while： It is worth while doing sth 　　　　 It is worth while sb to do sth. 典型例题 It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A.worth　B.worthy　C.worth-while　D.worth while 答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。

6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1)作主语 　 Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 　 南方与北方开战了。 2)作宾语　 　a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth admit 承认　　appreciate 感激,赞赏　avoid 避免　　 complete 完成　 consider 认为　　 delay 耽误　 deny 否认　　 detest 讨厌　　　 endure 忍受　　enjoy 喜欢　　escape 逃脱　　　 prevent阻止 fancy 想象　　finish 完成　　　 imagine 想象　 mind 介意　　 miss 想念　　　 postpone 推迟　　　　 practise 训练　 recall 回忆　　　 resent 讨厌　　　 resist 抵抗　 resume 继续　　　 risk 冒险 suggest 建议　face 面对　　　 include 包括　　stand 忍受　　understand 理解　　 forgive 宽恕　　　　 keep 继续 举例： 　(1)　Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 　(2)　The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.　　 　b. 词组后接doing admit to　 prefer…to　　　be used to　　 lead to　　devote oneself to　 object to　　stick to　 busy　　look forward to(to为介词) no good,　no use,　It's worth…,　 as well as, can't help,　It's no use /good　 be tired of be fond of　 be capable of　 be afraid of　 be proud of　 think of / about　 hold off　　 put off　 keep on　 insist on　count on / upon set about　 be successful in　 good at　take up give up　burst out 　prevent … from…　 3)作表语 　Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.

6. 动名词

10.2 With的复合结构作独立主格 　表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 　with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. 　 = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例题 　 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied　 B. having tied　C. to be tied　D. tied　 　答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.　 注意: 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 　 当介词是in 时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制 　 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.　 　 ( hand前不能加his)。　　　 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。 　 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 　 典型例题： 　Weather___, we'll go out for a walk. 　A permitted　 B permitting　 C permits　 D for permitting 　 答案 B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。 　 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

10.1 独立主格 (一)： 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。　 (二) 独立主格结构的特点： 　1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 　2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 　3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例： 　The test finished, we began our holiday. 　= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 　考试结束了，我们开始放假。 　　The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 　= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 　总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　 　如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home.　　 　工作完成后，我们才回家。 　The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.　 　会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 　He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 　　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 　他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

10. 独立主格

1．need---needs 　2．unnecessary---necessary 　3．sleep---sleeping 　4．itself---itself for 　5．little---a little 　6．去掉will　 　7．√ 　8．troubles---trouble 　9．去掉the 　10．drind---drinking

5

At the age of fourteen Bell sent to London to　　　　　 11.______________ live for a year with his grandfather, that took good care　 12.______________ of him. A year late young Bell returned to Scotland.　　　 13.______________ After working for time with his father, he began teaching　 14.______________ speech at a school. His free time was devoted to study　　 15.______________ sound. Before he studied the human voice and the　　　　 16.______________ vibrations(振动)that goes to make up sound, he found that the 17.______________ voice is not a simple thing. So he continued on with his　　　　 18.______________ studies and his teaching until at the age of twenty-third　　　　 19.______________ he moved with his family to Canada.　　　　　　　　　　　 20._____________