107.Through　this　novel,　you　can　have　an　idea　about　the　life　and　customs　of　the　Europeans　in　the　eighteenth　century. 108. The　reason　why　he　became　near-sighted　is　that　he　often　kept　reading　(books)　for　four　or　five　hours. 109.When　you　meet　with　difficult　problems　in　the　college　entrance　examinations,　being　calm　and confident　is　the　key　to　success. 110.I　really　don’t 　understand　why　the　information　which　I　stored　in　the　computer　last　Sunday　is　missing. 111. It　is　certain　that　you　will　be　laughed　at　if　you　wear　this　kind　of　clothes/　a　coat　like　this　in　the　street. 112.It　is　natural　for　people　who　have　learned　English　for　three　or　four　years　to　make　some　mistakes　while　(they　are)　talking　with　others. 113. The　substance　(which　is)　taken　out　of　coal　can　be　made　into　various　useful　articles. 114. The　foreign　teacher　with　whom　you　shook　hands　just　now　will　teach　us　English　literature　next　term. 115. Even　if　I　fail　in　the　exam,　I　won’t　cheat　as　Tom　did. 116.Whether　to　build　another　tunnel　under　the　Huangpu　River　will　be　discussed　at　tomorrow’s　meeting. 117. It　is　really　considerate　of　you　to　have　arranged　a　room　equipped　with　an　air-conditioner　for　my　grandmother. 118. To　his　excitement,　on　the　top　of　the　mountain　he　saw　the　wonderful　sight　which　he　had　never　seen　in　his　life. 119. This　kind　of　clothes　is　specially　designed　for　those　who　work　under　different　terrible　conditions. 120. Young　people　can’t　always　think　of　themselves,　and　must　learn　how　to　care　for　others. 121. I　wonder　whether　you　have　noticed　the　article　about　pollution　in　Jiefang　Daily. 122. If　you　want　to　see　a　dentist　in　Britain,　you　should　phone　to　make　an　appointment　beforehand. 123. Little　Tommy　hurried　to　school　and　didn’t　look　both　ways　and　as　a　result　he　was　knocked　down　by　a　motorbike. 124. The　Chinese　medicine　smells　a　bit　strange,　but　it　is　quite　effective　in　treating　cold. 125. I　am　terribly　sorry　to　have　given　you　a　lot　of　troubles　in　the　past　few　months. 126. The　land　to　the　east　of　the　Huangpu　River　is　called　Pudong,　which　is　larger　than　Singapore　in　area. 127. Many　people　have　been　dreaming　of　settling　down　on　the　moon　some　day　in　the　future. 128. The　more　slowly　you　walk　in　the　desert,　the　more　dangerous　it　will　be. 129.He　had　a　talent　for　music　and　was　appointed　conductor　of　Shanghai　Symphony　Orchestra　at　the　age　of　thirty/　 when　he　was　thirty. 130.The　experts　suggested　that　polluted　water　(should)　be　made　clean　before　it　was　poured　into　the　rivers　and　lakes. 131. The　teacher’s　encouragement　made　Peter　confident　of　(或about)　the　future. 132. Although　eggs　are　rich　in　nutrition,　you　can’t　substitute　two　eggs　for　a　balanced　breakfast. 133. If　you　walk　along　this　path,　it　will　take　at　least　twenty　minutes　to　reach　the　house　at　the　foot　of　the　mountain. 134. Please　list　all　the　people　who　must　attend　the　meeting　as　soon　as　possible. 135. You　are　taller　than　I　(或me)　by　a　head.　What　else　do　you　have　besides/in　addition　to　three　meals　every　(或a)　day? 136. Who　will　be　sent　or　take　part　in　the　fashion　competition　to　be　held　in　Tokyo　hasn’t　been　decided　yet. 137. What　makes　me　worried　is　that　this　child　seems　to　be　interested　in　nothing　except　computers. 138. I　clearly　remember　meeting　this　man,　but　I　can’t　tell　when　and　where. 139. You　have　sweet　food　at　every　meal,　which　does　great　harm　to　your　teeth. 140. Do　you　know　how　to　refuse　an　invitation　of　other　people　in　a　friendly　way　in　English? 141. This　monument　was　set　up　in　honour　of　the　soldiers　who　died　during　the　Liberation　War. 142. If　you　keep　on　working　hard,　I　think　your　dream　will　come　true. 143. I　assure　you　that　anything　like　what　happened　yesterday　won’t　happen　again　from　now　on. 144. That　the　population　on　the　earth　is　increasing　rapidly　is　one　of　the　serious　problems　that　mankind　faces.　/The　rapid　increase　in　the　population　on　the　earth　is　one　of　the　serious　problems　facing　mankind. 145. That　country　is　often　involved　in　wars,　and　this　is　why　it　is　extremely　poor. 146. In　a　word,　we　can’t　neglect　the　problems　which　appear　in　the　growth　of　the　children. 147. There　is　no　doubt　that　the　government　will　take　measures　to　prevent　this　disease　from　spreading. 148. Fan　Zhiyi’s　performance　in　yesterday’s　match　made　a　deep　impression　on　every　football　fan. 149. That　plane　was　wrecked　not　when　it　was　taking　off　but　when　it　was　landing. 150. How　I　hope　(that)　one　of　you　will　win　a　Nobel　Prize　in　the　future! 151. Thousands　of　people　gathered　on　both　sides　of　the　street　welcoming　the　athletes　who　had　won　the　Olympic　gold　medals. 152. The　first　time　Mr　Smith　went　to　Hangzhou,　he　was　struck　by　the　beauty　of　the　West　Lake. 153. The　driver　who　had　knocked　down　an　old　woman　admitted　drinking　before　driving. 154. Now　that　you　don’t　want　to　miss　the　chance　to　study　in　America,　please　contact　that　university　as　soon　as　possible. 155. The　rescue　team　made　every　effort/spared　no　effort　to　save　the　two　explorers　(who　were)　stranded　in　the　mountains. 156. To　the　football　fans’　disappointment,　the　coach　didn’t　substitute　the　player　who　had　been　hurt　in　the　food　in　time. 157. Radioactive　substances　can　not　only　benefit　human　beings,　but　also　bring　disasters　to　mankind. 158. Once　you　made　a　promise　to　you　friends,　you　must　keep　it,　otherwise　they　will　no　longer　trust　you. 159. She　was　beaten　in　the　tennis　match,　for　she　was　not　accustomed　to　playing　(或to　play)　with　the　left-handers. 160. The　two　guards　stood　still　in　front　of　the　building,　except　that　their　eye-balls　were　moving　now　and　then. 161. To　lose　weight,　he　has　been　on　diet　for　three　months,　but　he　still　looks/appears　fat. 162. The　prices　of　this　type　of　TV　set　range　from　2200　yuan　to　2400　yuan　in　Shanghai. 163. It　is　unreasonable　to　keep　a　big　country　like　China　out　of　that　international　organization. 164. He　took　great　trouble　to　crawl　into　the　cave,　only　to　find　there　was　nothing　inside　at　all. 165. At　the　APEC　meeting,　many　leaders　of　the　foreign　countries　praised　highly　the　achievements　which　China　had　made　in　the　past　few　years. 166. The　international　trade　means　a　country　trades　what　it　has　for　what　it　lacks　with　other　countries. 167. Do　you　believe　in　the　proverb　that　modesty　helps　one　to　go　forward　and　pride　makes　one　fall　behind? 168. Have　you　thought　of　the　side　effect　that　this　medicine　may　cause　when　you　take　it　every　day? 169. I　am　sure　that　China　will　develop　faster　after　it　joins　WTO. 170. There　is　no　shortcut　in　study　and　you　won’t　succeed　unless　you　work　hard. 171. There　is　no　secret　in　long　life　and　it　is　certain　that　paying　attention　to　diet　and　doing　more　exercise　do　good　to　health. 172. Could　you　give　me　some　advice　on　how　to　improve　my　spoken　English? 173. Be　sure　to　phone　me　at　once　when　you　get　there　and　settle　down. 174. Everybody　should　be　responsible　for　what　he　has　done　and　therefore　anyone　who　breaks　the　law　should　be　punished　by　the　law. 175. Had　you　realized　how　serious　the　problem　was　then　and　taken　some　measures,　the　result　would　have　been　completely　different. 176. During　the　job　interview,　you　must　assure　the　interviewer　that　you　are　qualified　for　the　post. 177. My　grandfather　composed　more　than　twenty　songs　in　his　fifties,　most　of　which　were　very　popular　in　the　1950’s. 178. The　suggestion　which　he　gave　me　on　how　to　keep　healthy　proves　to　be　quite　effective. 179. In　some　western　countries,　it　is　against　the　law　to　leave　a　five-year-old　child　at　home　alone. 180. It　happened　that　at　the　evening　party　yesterday　I　met　the　famous　scientist　(whom)　you　mentioned　 last　time.

106. Can　you　tell　apart　the　four　verbs　which　have　similar　meanings?

105.If　you　do　shopping　in　the　supermarkets　in　America,　you　will　be　surprised　to　find　many　of　the　clothes　were　made　 in　 China.

104.This　book　contains　fifty　short　stories,　including　the　one　I　told　just　now.

1.Values　 2. place　 3. concerned　 4. Behaviors 5. goals　 6. Reasons　 7. competition　 8. pressure　 9. attitudes　 10. benefit　　　　

12

Traditionally, customers may consider more about what they buy the product for. However, the image of product and the consuming circumstance have become the key points to attract customer awareness and stimulate their buying needs. Frequently, customers buy goods just because they are cute, lovely and unique. With a less emphasis on functional utilities, the experience and imaginative space are placed into an increasingly important role. The image of product is emphasized, as well as the communication between products and consumers. “Customer 　behavior, which appears to be focused and directed at the object and at pleasure, in fact responds to quite different objectives: displaced expression of desire, and the production of a code of social values through the use of differential signs”(Baudrillard) . The reason for image-oriented customer behavior is probably that customers’ lifestyle has been continuously virtualized by paying much attention to “Virtual Reality”. The evidences can be traced from computer games and Hollywood movies, in which customers’ preference for fleeing reality is perfectly matched.

This change requires us to take efforts to enhance product image by integrating style, color, taste, shape and material, and communicate with customers creatively, imaginatively and innovatively, and enable them to enjoy the distinctive experience image brings. “[A] need is not a need for a particular object as much as it is a ‘need’ for difference” ( Baudrillard). The typical example is Apple Computer’s IMAC, which has strong visual impact and outstanding dynamics. By this way, customer relationship can be set up 　through image, and brand can be treated as living that can transform people. Other examples commonly used are Disney Fairyland and Las Vegas, where new experience and imagination are fully demonstrated. In sum, consumption is negotiation, a never-ending conversation held in the languages of advertising, packaging, branding, fashion, and entertainment.

More Attention to the Image of Product

cerned/ cared　 2. use/ function　 3. attracted　 4.image　 5. ways　 6. stressed　unication　 8. reason　 9. lifestyle　　 10. Examples　

1. Homes　ected　 4.indirectly 5.books 6.difference 7. Content　 8. decided/ chosen　 9.adult　 10. challenges

11

Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.

Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.

In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.

Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.

In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.

Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?

1.　 kinds/ types　　 2. main　 3. namely　 4. more　　 5.periods　 6. lack　 7. birthrate　 8.　 fewer　 9. occurred　　 10. temporary

10

The family sphere(范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the public male realm(领域)of "rational accomplishment" and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition(直觉)and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable(可渗透的). TV takes public events and transforms them into dramas that are played out in the privacy of our living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms.

Parents used to be the channel through which children learned about the outside world. They could decide what to tell their children and when to tell it to them. Since children learn to read in stages, books provide a kind of natural screening process, where adults can decide what to tell and not tell children of different reading abilities. Television destroyed the system that separated adult from child knowledge and separated information into year-by-year slices for children of different ages. Instead, it presents the same information directly to children of all ages, without going through adult filters.

So television presents a real challenge to adults. While a parent can read a newspaper without sharing it with children in the same room, television is accessible to everyone in that space. And unlike books, television doesn't allow us to flip(翻转)through it and see what's coming up. We may think we're giving our children a lesson in science by having them watch the Challenger take off, and then suddenly they learn about death, disaster and adult mistakes.

Books allow adults to discuss privately what to tell or not tell children. This also allows parents to keep adult material secret from children and keep their secret keeping secret. Take that same material and put it on The Today Show and you have 800,000 children hearing the very things the adults are trying to keep from them. "Television takes our kids across the globe before parents give them permission to cross the street." 　

More importantly, children gradually learn that adults are worried and anxious about being parents. Actually, television has also places families under a lot of stress.

How Television Changes Childhood?

6. defeat 　　 　　7. associated 　　　　　　　 8. which 　　　 　9. linked 　　 　10. shape

9

At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different 100 years ago.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.

Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster, families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families)，child less families, and so on.

What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War II(1939-1945)，5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these "war widows" had to go to work outside their home.

During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing tip. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.

In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of single-parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the single-parent household, once unusual, has replaced the "traditional" family as the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty-first century.

The Changes of the American Family

1. red 　　　　　　　 2. white 　　　　　　 　　3. heaven 　 　4. being 　　 　5. basis 　

5.environmentally 6. sustainable 7.regional 8.peaceful 9.set 10.preference

8

The history and legend

The name of the Danish flag, the Dannefrog, meaning “the flag of the Danes: or : “the red flag”, is fist encountered in the Danish text from 1478 and in a Netherlands’ text from 100 years before that. In the Netherlands’ armorial(GELre) from 1370-1386 a red banner wit5h　 white cross is annexed to the coat of arms of Vladimir IV Attended.

According to the legend, the Dannenberg fell from heaven from a battle in Estonia(爱沙尼亚); this legend is mentioned in Christian Pedersen’s Danish Chronicle(编年史) from the beginning of the 1520s and by the Franciscan monk Peer Olsen c.1527. This latter relates the event to a battle in 1219.

The legend Presumably(椐推测) came into being around 1500 on the basis of the idea that the royal banner which King Hans lost at his defeat in the Demarches’ in Northern Germany in1500 was the Dannenberg that had fallen from heaven. In 1559 Frederic II recaptured (夺回)the banner and had it hung in Schleswig Cathedral in present-day northern Germany.

In a song from the campaign of 1500 the banner charged with the cross is associated with the Roman Emperor Constantine’s dream of the cross in 312 before the battle in which he became absolute monarch in the Roman Empire and according to tradition was converted to Christianity.

This vision of the cross, to which are linked the words in hoc signor vices(“under this sign you shall be victories”) is the prototype(原型)of the miracles in the shapes of crosses in the sky, which particularly in the Iberian Peninsula(伊比利亚半岛) were connected with battles between Christians and infidels(异教徒).

The Danish flag