3. The time is not far away ___ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.　　

A. as　 B. when　 C. in when　 D. what

2. A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, ___ has happened in Iraq and other countries.　

A. what　　 B. which　 C. as　　 D. one

1. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ___ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.　

A. who　 B. when　 C. on which　 D. which

15. Would you like a cup of coffee ___ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and　　 b. then　　 C. or　　 D. otherwise

答案与解析

1 A。at表示一听到，一看到；that引导的是同位语从句。 2 D。该句句型为：It’s + adj +of/for +sb to do sth。当句中的形容词是用来形容sb的性质或特征，而不是形容不定式的性质，需用介词of；否则当形容词用来说明不定式的情况时，用介词for。 3 A。problem with…为惯常搭配，意为……的问题。 4 D。beyond one’s imagination超出某人的想象力；类似还有beyond one’s power意为G超出某人的能力范围，beyond one’s reach超出某人的接触范围或能力范围。 5 A。over表示一边……一边……，后半句的意思是：我们一边喝茶吃蛋糕，一边讨论这事。 6 A。本题中的 turned into successful art centres是修饰old factories的，所以缺少一个引导复合结构的词语，故选A，介词 with可以构成复合结构。 7 B。此题考查介词的习惯用法。长 M×宽G 中的× 读作by；第二空about表示大约。 8 A。介词like意为像……，如……一样；as作介词意思是作为，当作。本句的意思是：他们正在寻找一个像他那样的人当垫脚石。 9 A。while表示两种情况的对比，多连接两个句子。 10 A。not only… but also中的but常省略，also不可省略，所以B项错误。 11 B。further more意为而且，有追加、递进之意，符合题意。 12 C。该题中两个宾语从句并列，as well as = and。 13 D。题中的谓语动词是单数，所以D项错误，both…and…连接主语时，谓语动词用复数。 14 C。although 不能同时与but连用，但可以和yet(still)连用。 15 C。or表示选择，符合语意。

专题十 　定语从句

　　　 定语从句是历年高考的重点考查内容。考题中相对集中地考查了非限制性定语从句、关系代词和关系副词的选用、定语从句中的一致关系以及介词+关系代词等知识点。

重点突破　　 重点1 关系代词的考查

1 当关系代词前有介词或引导非限制性定语从句时一般用which，不用that。

典例1 The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ___ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. (06年江苏卷) A. who　 B. that　 C. as　 D. which

解析 D。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。

2下列情况下宜用that, 不宜用which:

(1)先行词为all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词时。如：

Is there anything that I can do for you?需要我帮忙吗？ (2)先行词前有only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, same等修饰语时。如： You can take any seat that is free. 任何空位你都可以坐。 (3)先行词是序数词或者先行词受序数词修饰时。如： This is the first composition that I have written in English. 这是我用英语写的第一篇作文。 (4)先行词是最高级形容词或先行词受最高级形容词修饰时。如： This is the best film that has been shown this year. 这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。 (5)先行词为系动词be后面的表语时。如： It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。 (6)主句以there be开头时。如：There is a seat in the corner that is still free.房角有个座位仍空着。 (7)先行词为数词时。如： Yesterday I caught two fish, now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water. 昨天我捉了两条鱼，就是你现在看到的在水盆中活着的那两条。 (8)先行词同时包含人和物时。如 They talked about things and persons (that) they remembered in the school. 他们谈起了所记得的在校时的人和事。

3先行词指人，在下列情况下多用who而不用that:

(1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who。如： A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. 患难见挚友。 (2)先行词为those和people时多用who。如： Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. 那些笨蛋或不称职的人是看不见这些布的。 (3)先行词为 all, anyone, one, ones指人时，多用who。如： One who doesn’t work hard will never be happy. 不努力工作的人是永远不会快乐的。 (4)在以there be开头的句子中多用who。如： There is a stranger who wants to see you. 有个陌生人要见你。 (5)在非限制性定语从句中须用who。如： My sister, who is a teacher, can speak German well. 我姐姐德语讲得很好，她是个教师。 (6)在被分隔的定语从句中须用who。如： A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 　教你们德语的教师明天来。 (7)一个句子带有两个定语从句，其中的一个从句的关系代词是who，另一个是that。如： The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard. 在会上受到表扬的学生是班长，他谦虚好学。

4 whose 在定语从句中作定语，可与表所属关系的of which或of whom互相转换，其语序是： 名词+of+which/whom如： We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear.(或… whose purpose was completely unclear) 我们开了会，会议的目的完全不清楚。 　如果 of不表所属关系，则 of which/whom不可与whose转换。

典例2 Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ___ roof is under repair.

A. whose　 B. which　 C. of which　　 D. what

解析 A。whose"在定语从句中作定语修饰名词roof，表所属。

5 the way后接定语从句时， 如the way表方式、方法，关系词可用in which, that或省略不用。典例3 What surprised me was not what he said but ___ he said it.　 A. the way　 B. in the way that　 C. in the way　 D. the way which

解析 A :。该题即为way后省略了关系代词的用法。

重点2 关系副词的考查

　 关系副词在定语从句中作状语， where表示地点，when表示时间，why表示原因。

典例1 We’re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down together and talk. (06年山东卷)

A. where　 B. that　　 C. when　　 D. which

解析 A。引导词where在定语从句中作状语，表示地点，其先行词表地点，相当于介词+which。

典例2 If a shop has chairs ___ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.　

A. that　　 B. which　　 C. when　　 D. where

解析 D。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

重点3 介词与关系代词的搭配考查

　　 介词 +关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)。在使用时要注意关系代词前面介词的使用情况：

1 根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择

典例1 I wan given three books on cooking, the first ___ I really enjoyed.

解析 B。该题是非限制性定语从句，修饰名词books，the first of which相当于the first of the books。

典例2　 Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ___, he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.　 A. during which time　 B. for which time　 C. during whose time　 D. by that time

解析A先行词是from 1999 to 2003，作限定词用的which在定语从句中也可与名词连用，这个结构比较正式，而且只有在介词后面才常用，根据句意应该用介词during，表示……期间。

2根据定语从句后面的动词与介词的搭配关系选择

典例3　 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ___we gave some bells and glasses.(06年湖南卷) A. to which　　 B. to whom　　 C. with whom　　 D. with which

解析 B。从句谓语动词是give，需用give sth to sb句型，故选B。

3有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系

典例4　 The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ___ they are being trained.　

A. in that　 B. for that　 C. in which　 D. for which　　 解析 D。that前不能用介词引导定语从句，故A,B错误；for which引导定语从句，在从句中表示目的，即train sb for sth。

难点解疑

难点 as和which引导的定语从句的区别

1 as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，用来修饰或限制整个主句的内容，有时可以换用。典例1　 ___ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. when　 B. after　 C. as　 D. since

解析 C。as位于句首引导非限制性定语从句，代指后面的情况。

典例2　 Jim passed the driving test, ___ surprised everybody in the office

A. which　　 B. that　　 C. this　 D. it

解析 A。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面整个句子。

2在下面情况下as和which不能换用：

(1)关系代词 as 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。常用于下列句式：A such+名词+as像……一样的,像……之类；the same+名词+as和……同样的。B当先行词被 as, so修饰时，通常用as引导限制性定语从句。C. . . such as。such为代词，意为这样的人或物，as在从句中担当成分，修饰先行词such。如： We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (as作主语)我们已找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。

典例3 ___ if often the case, we have worked out the production plan.　 A. which　　 B. when　　 C. what　　 D. as

解析 D。as引导非限制性定语从句可以位于句首，指代后面的情况；which也可指代整个句子，但不可放在句首。

(3)当从句和主句语意一致时，用 as；反之用which。如： She has married again, as we expected.她又结婚了，这是预料之中的事。(语意一致)She has married again, which was unexpected. 她又结婚了，这是出乎预料的事。(语意不一致)(4)当 as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如 be known, be said, be reported, be announced等。如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如： She has been late again, as was expected. 她又迟到了，这在预料之中。 (5)as常用在as (it) seems likely, as (it) often happens, as (it) was pointed out, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember 9it), as I understand (it), as (it) appears 等结构中。如： Jack has won the first prize, as (it) often happens. 像往常一样，杰克得了一等奖。(6)当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，只用which引导定语从句。如： Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.贝蒂老是说谎，她父母觉得这很奇怪。

强化过关

14. Although he stayed only a few days in the village, ___ he got to know everybody there.

A. and　　 B. but　　 C. yet　　 D. so

13. ___ White ___ his sister is coming to our help. Which is wrong?

A. Either, or　 B. Neither, nor　 C. Not only, but also　 D. Both, and

12. This summertime work has taught me a lot about who I am ___ what real life is.

A. as well　 B. but　 C. as well as　 D. then

11. We will willingly give up our plan, ___ we’ll do whatever you want us to do.

A. but　　 B. further more　 C. while　 D. yet

10. What he wants to do will solve not only your problem, ___ mine.　 A. but also　 B. but　 C. so　 D. for

9. John saves him money, ___ George spends all he gets.　 A. while　 B.or　 C. nor　 D. as