题目列表(包括答案和解析)
9. ____ seems strange to us is ____ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers. A. it, that B. what, how C. it how D. what, that
8. --- Does it matter much ___ the sales manager won’t attend the meeting tomorrow?
--- I’ve no idea. A. if B. what C. when D. that
7. The manager came over and asked the customer how ____. A. did the quarrel came about
B. the quarrel had come about C. the quarrel has come about D. had the quarrel come about
6. Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
5. Do you have any idea ____ electricity plays such an important part in our daily life?
A. why is it that B. how it is that C. why was it D. when it was that
4. Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double ___ it was five years ago.
A. that B. than C. which D. what
3. The news ___ is spreading around the airport is ___ a heavy storm is coming.
A. what, / B. that, that C. /, that D. that, which
2. ____ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.
A. which B. how C. what D. that
1. Many newspaper printed the governor’s statement ___ he would support a tax cut.
A. and B. was that C. which D. that
15. The reason ___ he didn’t have breakfast this morning was that he got up too late.
A. on which B. why C. in which D. for that
答案与解析
1 D。此题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词 which在从句中作主语。 2 C。此题考查非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,当从句和主句语意一致时,用as;反之用which。 3 B。此题中的先行词指时间,引导词在从句中作时间状语。 4 A。此题考查非限制性定语从句,引导词which在从句中作spend的宾语。 5 B。先行词为the same place,引导词where在从句中作地点状语。 6 A。先行词the days和从句分开使问题难度增大了,引导词在从句中作时间状语,所以选A项。 7 B。in China是介词短语修饰先行词 several research centres,同时research centres还带有一个定语从句,引导词在从句中作地点状语。 8 B。此题含有定语从句和强调句式,前一空强调时间状语,后一空用where引导定语从句。 9 B。该句中的定语从句修饰garden,应用关系代词whose。whose在从句中作定语,构成whose owner (= the owner of which; of which the owner),该句也可改成 and its owner。 10 D。前面的 the artist与从句中谓语动词构成的结构为gave a prize to the artist,故应选to whom;后面的先行词the teacher与从句中谓语动词构成的结构为have been taught painting by the teacher。故应选by whom。 11 B。定语从句与先行词可以改成:I am looking for the girl’s boss at present,因此可用for whose boss引导定语从句。 12 B。luckily for him为插入语,去掉后可以看出后面是一个非限制性定语从句,故排除C;从意义上看可排除A;从定语从句的谓语形式 works可以判断不可能是三个人都做医生,故答案为B。 13 B。此题考查those后面的定语从句,可以排除D。分析结构可以看出,从句中缺少主语和宾语,如果选A,C选项,从句的成分仍不完整,所以选B项,构成省略that的定语从句。 14 C。先行词同时为人和物时,用that引导定语从句。 15 B。定语从句中的主谓宾成分齐全,而先行词reason后用 why引导从句,在从句中作状语,表示……的原因是……。
专题十一 名词性从句
名词性从句侧重考查学生在一定的语言环境中对该类从句的语序、从句连接词的运用以及主从句时态的呼应等知识点的掌握。 考点聚焦:名词性从句侧重考查学生在一定的语言环境中对该类从句的语序、从句连接词的运用以及主从句时态的呼应等知识点的掌握。
1名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句有三种从句结构:
以that引导的从句; 以wh-疑问词引导的wh-疑问从句; 以what或wh-ever等关系代词引导的名词性关系从句。
下面表格中√号表示这三种从句结构能充当的句子成分:
|
主语 从句 |
宾语从句 |
表语 从句 |
宾语补 足语 |
形容词 宾语 |
同位语 从句 |
|
直接宾语 |
间接宾语 |
||||||
That从句 |
√ |
√ |
|
√ |
|
√ |
√ |
Wh-从句 |
√ |
√ |
|
√ |
|
√ |
√ |
名词性从句 |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
√ |
2名词性从句的引导词很多,归纳起来可分为以下三类:
从属连词。只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分,如:that, whether, if。 连接代词。既起连接作用,本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语,如: Who, whom, whose, which, what。 连接副词。既起连接作用,本身又作从句的状语,如:when, where, how, why。
重点1 主语从句 主语从句中引导词的正确使用是考查的热点问题。
1考查 that, whether, what
(1))that引导主语从句时,只起连接句子的作用,本身没有词义,在从句中也不作句子成分,但通常不能省略。 (2)whether引导主语从句时,表示主语从句意义的不确定性,在从句中不作句子成分,但有词义,作:是否:讲。一般来说,已经确定的事情常由that引导,没有确定的事情常由whether引导。 (3)what引导主语从句时,意为……的事物,相当于 the thing(s) that。
典例1 ____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(06年辽宁卷)
A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever
解析 A。分析句子结构可以看出,从句中缺少主语,用what引导主语从句符合句意。
2考查whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever
这些词在从句中不含疑问意义,它们引导主语从句时,whoever=the person who或 anyone who;whatever=anything that; whichever意为无论哪一个。
典例2 ___ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (06年山东卷)
A. no matter what B. no matter which C. whatever D. whichever
解析 D。whichever可用于名词前,引导主语从句,表示无论其中任何一个……。
3考查where, when, how, why, wherever以及how many/how much/how far/how lone/how soon等。这些词或词组本身有词义,并在从句中作状语。如: How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将怎样解决这个严重的问题还没有决定。
重点2 宾语从句 宾语从句主要考查引导词的选用、语序以及主从句时态的一致性等。
典例1 We haven’t settled the question of ___ it is necessary for him to study abroad.(06年江苏卷) A. if B. where C. whether D. that
解析 C。该题考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句意可知,宾语从句表示疑问,排除 B,D选项;介词后的宾语从句不可用if引导,故C项正确。
典例2 These shoes look very good. I wonder ____. (06年上海春季卷)
A. hwo much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
解析 C。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序。故选C。
典例3 --- Could you do me a favour? --- It depends on ___ it if(06年北京卷)
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
解析 C。根据句意那要看是什么事了,用what引导宾语从句。
重点3 表语从句 表语从句主要考查引导词 that, whether, as if, as though, why等的选用。
典例1 See the flags on top of the building? That was ___ we did this morning. (06年全国卷I)
A. when B. which C. where D. what
解析 D。what引导表语从句,在表语从句中作did的宾语。
典例2 Engines are to machines ___ hearts are to animals. (06年山东卷)
A. as B. that C. what D. which
解析 C。该题的句型是be sth to sb对某人的重要性。空格后应是表语从句,在表语从句中又缺少表语,所以用what。句意是发动机对机器的重要性就同心脏对动物的重要性一样。
典例3 ___ she couldn’t understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. what, why B. that, what C. what, because D. why, that
解析 A。that,why和because都可引导表语从句。表示原因的名词或从句作句子主语时,其后的表语从句常用that引导,而不能用because,由此可排除 C项。 该题中,第一空应该用what,引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,故可排除B,D两项,正确答案是A。(本题后一空也可用that)
重点4 同位语从句 同位语从句一般位于某些抽象名词之后,如:fact, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem 等,对这些名词起补充作用。连词that只起引导作用,在从句中不作任何成分,不能省略;另外也可用where, when, how等词引导。
典例1 A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.(06年安徽卷) A. if B. when C. that D. which
解析 C。该题考查同位语从句。同位语从句有时不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。在本题中,that引导的同位语从句是对名词thought的补充说明,that在从句中不作任何成分。
典例2 Doris’ success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(06年上海春季卷)
A. which B. that C. when D. why
解析 B。从句中不缺少任何成分,所以应该用that引导同位语从句,说明fact的内容。
难点解疑
难点 that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句
在同位语从句中,that是从属连词,在句中只起引导作用,在从句中没有意义,不作任何成分,不能省略,也不可用which代替;而在定语从句中,that是关系代词,它在从句中不但可以起连接作用,还可以在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可以省略,指物时还可以用which替换,指人时常可以用who代替。试比较: The proposal (that) he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting. 他提出的建议将在会议上讨论。(that在句中作宾语,是定语从句) The proposal that we should import equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting. 我们应该从国外进口设备的建议将在会上讨论。(that引导的从句说明proposa的内容,是同位语从句)
典例 There is much chance ___ bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (06年天津卷)
A. that B. which C. until D. if
解析 A。分析结构,空格后的从句不缺少主语或宾语,和名词chance没有任何从属关系,说明这不是定语从句,排除B;从句意上看,从句既不表示时间,也不表示条件,排除 C,D选项;that引导同位语从句,说明chance的内容。
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