题目列表(包括答案和解析)

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2.名词所有格

名词所有格通常可分为三种:

(1).-’s型所有格,主要用于生物名词,也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命名词的所有格,如:today’s newspaper;如果已是复数形式结尾的名词,则在其后加“’”。

(2).of 短语型所有格,主要用于无生命名词的所属关系,有时表示逻辑上的主谓、动宾、或同位关系。

(3).of短语型与-’s型并用的双重所有格,即被修饰的名词前如有一个表示数量的词,如:a ,two, some, any, several, few, no, many, this, that, these, those等(常不能用the )修饰时,可用“of+所有格(或名词性物主代词)”,如:This is a picture of his grandfather.这是他爷爷的一张照片。只表示他爷爷的一张照片,并非双重所有格而属of短语型所有格。再如:This is a picture of his grandfather’s(pictures).这是他爷爷照片中的一张。强调他爷爷照片中的其中一张,属双重所有格。

[经典考题]_______car broke down on the way home, but luckily they knew how to fix it .

A. Tom’s and Jim’s        B. Tom’s and Jim

C. Tom and Jim’s         D. Tom and Jim

[解析]C 考查所有格。由下文的they knew how to fix it 可知:两人都在车上,因此,为他们共有。而Tom’s and Jim’s即Tom’s car and Jim’s car则表明两人分别拥有的两辆车。故选Tom and Jin’s。

[经典考题] My grandfather used to be a general in the famous army. Look! Here are______.

A. some pictures of his     B. some pictures’ of him

C. some his pictures       D. his some of  pictures’

[解析]A 考查双重所有格。根据双重所有格“of+所有格(或名词性物主代词)”原则可知此空应该是some pictures of his(pictures),此句句意为:这是他照片中的一些(照片)。

[经典考题] The railway station is _______from our school.

A. two hour’s drive        B. two hours’ drive

C. two hour drive         D. two hours drive

[解析]  B  考查复数形式的所有格。复数形式的所有格只在S后加“’”。

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1.可数名词的单复数

(1)可数名词复数形式的基本变化:

(2)不可数名词一般没有复数形式,若计量时,通常使用“数词或a/an/many+单位词+of +不可数名词”。如:There are two pieces of work for you to do: to buy a bowl of rice and to make three cups of tea.有两项工作给你做:去买一碗米饭,去沏三杯茶。

[经典考题]The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but is has ______all over the country.(2005·辽宁卷)

A. companies      B. branches

C. organizations    D. businesses

[解析]B 本题是一个多点考查题。既考查了名词复数形式的不同变化,又考查了名词的辨析。以辅音字母加Y结尾的名词的复数:变Y为i再加es;以-ch, -sh,-s,-x等结尾的名词的复数:在其后加-es,少数直接加-s。再根据名意可知:这家银行的总部在北京,但它在世界各地都有很多分部。四个名词中branches有“分部、分店、支流”的意思,合句意。

[经典考题]He gained his_______ by printing ______of famous writers.

A. wealth; work     B. wealths; works

C. wealths; work     D. wealth; works

[解析]D 考查名词的单复数。wealth表示财富,是不可数名词;works作工厂、作品讲时,单、复数相同。而work意为“工作”,是不可数名词。

[经典考题]The commander said that two______ would be sent to Iraq front the next day.

A. women’s doctor      B. women doctors

C. women’s doctors     D. women doctor

[解析] B man/woman作定语修饰可数名词复数时,将它们变为men/women。

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(二)冠词有无意义不同

有无冠词含义有别,这种现象常常是一些固定搭配,学习时可通过对比记忆。如:out of question 毫无疑问的/out of the question 不可能的;take place 发生/take the place(of) 代替;two of them 他们中的两个/the  two of them 他们两个;by day 在白天/by the day 按天计算;on earth 究竟/on the earth 在地球上等。

[经典考题]When he left_______ college, he got a job as _______reporter in a newspaper office.(2004·天津卷)

A .不填;a       B.不填;  the

C. a; the       D. the ;the

[解析] A 本题考查定冠词的有无含义不同以及不定冠词的用法区别。第一空有无定冠词含义不同,即leave the school/college离开这所学校/院校;leave school/college 毕业、退学、离校。后一空填不定冠词,表示类别或身份,不是特指。

[经典考题] This book tells_______ life story of John Smith, who left_______ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.(2005·辽宁卷)

A. the ;the   B. a ;the   C. the ;不填   D. a ;不填

[解析]C 考查定冠词的有无含义不同与特指的用法。第一空为特指,强调John Smith的生活故事。第二空仍考查leave the school与leave school的区别。前者强调离开后可能会再来,后者强调不再回来:与学校说再见。故根据句意leave school符合此题语境。

[经典考题] Her husband was put into________ prison, and she has to go to _______prison once a month to visit him.

A. a ;the    B. the ;the   C.不填;不填    D.不填;the

[解析]D 此题考查冠词的有无意义不同的词组,即put sb .into prison坐牢,go to the prison去监狱。

(三)名词的数和所有格

名词的数主要包括名词的可数不敢当可数、可数名词的单复数问题、名词的类指以及名词复数的使用。

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2.抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时,前面用不定冠词,使之具体化。如:

A happy life, a good education in that university, a wide knowledge of nature 等。

[注意]:抽象名词表示泛指时一般不与冠词连用。如:what fun, fine weather, common knowledge, foreign trade。但如受of 短语修饰或在上下文中给予限定特指时,则在名词前加the

[经典考题] If you grow up in _____large family ,you are more likely to develop_____ ability to get on well with______ others.(2005·江西卷)

A./;an ; the        B. a ;the ;/

C. the ;an ;the      D. a ;the ;the

[解析] B 抽象名词ability被后置定语to get on well with _______others 修饰,故抽象名词ability须具体化表特指即在其前加the 。而下文的others 强调泛指。第一空其实也是泛指“一个大家庭”。

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(一)抽象名词的具体化与冠词

1.抽象名词具体或特定时,前面应有不定冠词。

(1)表示某种特性、状态、行为的具体表现,常用a/an+抽象名词;a/an+adj.+抽象名词的形式表示具体行为、一个方面。如:

A pity/pleasure/surprise/success/failure/shame/an honor等;

A bright future, a strong character, a great help, a length of one metre ,a waste of time, a height of fifty feet ,a knowledge of English等。

(2)状态、思维行为的一次、一种、一类、一顿,常与have/take/get等词搭配。

如:take a look/have a sleep/have a …life/die a death/get a high opinion/make an apology/take a great interest等。

[经典考题]It is often said that ______teachers have _______very easy life. (2005·北京卷)

A. 不填;不填     B. 不填;a

C. the; 不填     D. the ;a

[解析] B  根据句意:(人们)常说老师过着简朴的生活。抽象名词life在此处明显被具体化了,因此,第二空与前后构成have a very easy life过着简朴的生活。第一空为名词的复数表示的类指。

(3)表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人和事等。

She is a success in cause but a failure in marriage.

她在事业上是个成功者,但在婚姻上却是个失败者。

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名词在高考中占有重要地位,从2007年和2008年高考中可以看出,各省市试卷几乎都涉及到对名词的考查。涉及的内容主要有:抽象名词具体化、名词的可数与不可数问题、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词词义辨析以及常见名词的固定搭配等。冠词也是高考英语的常考点,主要考查考生对冠词的基本用法的理解和掌握情况,冠词包括定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。此外,还涉及很多冠词与名词共同考查的问题。冠词与名词有三种表现形式:即定冠词与单数可数名词可表示类指;不定冠词与单数可数名词也可表示类指;零冠词与可数名词的复数表示类指。

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30. You are saying that the fight against cyber crimes like “Yanzhao Men” requires great effort, and this is ______ I quite agree..

A. how      B. what      C. where     D. why

Keys:

1-5 BCDCA   6-10 BBCCB  11-15 BBBAC  16-20 BDDAC

21-25 CADAC   26-30 ACADC

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29. --Does it matter much ______ the sales manager won’t attend the meeting tpmorrow?

--I’ve no idea.

A. if    B. what    C. when    D. that

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28. ______ really surprised me most was the suggestion that he ______.

A. What; had made      B. That; should make

C. What; should make     D. That; had made

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27. The reason why she couldn’t come to the meeting was ______ she had not been invited.

 A. because    B. which    C. that     D. why

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