He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)

They went there to visit their teacher.

他们去那里拜访老师。(表目的)

He woke up only / just to find everybody gone.

他醒来发现大家都走了。(表示结果)

My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.

我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。(表示结果)

在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：

I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。

I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。

在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：

He was too excited not to say a few words.

他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。

He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。

She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。

注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus.

他早起为了赶上第一班车。

The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.

汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。

To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)

To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.

To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)

We could do nothing but / other than wait.

We had nothing to do but / other than wait.

We have no choice but to wait.

I can’t choose but laugh.

清单五　 不定式、分词作状语用法要点

注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：

He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)

I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)

Can you tell me why do it ?

4．动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：

need / require / want doing / to be done

need / require / want sb. to do sth.

be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)　　　　 be worth doing

be worthy of being done　　　　 be worthy of + n. 值得……　　　　 be worthy to be done

如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.

The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.

窗户需要擦一下。

The place is worth visiting.

The place is worthy of a visit.

The place is worthy of being visited.

The place is worthy to be visited.

那个地方值得一去。

如：① only one of these books is worth reading.

② - What do you think of the book ?

- Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time.

3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：

allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.

allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.

如：We don’t allow smoking here.

We don’t allow students to smoke.

2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

I’d like to go swimming this weekend.

1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事　　　　　 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事

remember to do sth. 记住去做某事　　　　 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事

regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事　　　　 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事　　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情

try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事　　　　　　 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事

mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事　　　 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)

can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事　　　 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事

例如：

① She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.

② - The light in the office is still on.

- Oh, I forgot to turn it off.

③ - I usually go there by train.

- Why not try going by boat for a change ?

④ - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

- Well, now I regret having done that.

考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk

此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。

① The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught.

② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocena in five days.

③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help

此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：

① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state – run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.

这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：

Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?

He is man loved and respected by all.

Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge.

现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：

Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students.

不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：

The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.

清单四　 不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点