1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

(六)

健康问题一直是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你身体健康的影响吗？

Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos(细高跟鞋).

"It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis(骨关节炎)- and once you do, it is too ]ate," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.

"I compare it to smoking - one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said.”They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees.”

The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new - scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained(扭伤)ankles and back problems.

But in 1998, Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage(软骨)surrounding the knee.

The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.

"This study confirms what we all intuitively(直觉地)know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.

4. What do you think of the oil spill accident happening in 1990 in the Persian Gulf ?(within 30 words)

3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words)

2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

Officials make efforts to do research into the oil spill accidents and don’t want to see the similar things happen again in the future.

1. What’s the best title of the passage?

5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

(五)

本文是属于夹叙夹议体裁，反映的是海洋污染的问题。希望能够从中得到警示，让我们反醒自己的行为。彻底认识到保护自然就是保护我们自己！！

Every year 2. 2 million tons of oil are spilled( 散落，溅出 )into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small percentage of the total 1. 6 billion tons of oil shipped around the world each year. However, this spilled oil has terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the off washes up onto shore. Some of the largest spills in history were caused by oil tankers running into each other or by an oil tanker sailing into shallow water and hitting the bottom of the ocean.

After these spills, officials try to discover who or what was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future.

One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled from a tanker which resulted in terrible damage to this sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to___________. He gave control of the ship to the third mate. The third mate was unfamiliar with the path the ship took, and he ran the ship onto Blighe Reef. Blighe Reef is a natural underwater rock wall near the Alaskan coast. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Some scientists who studied nature in the area guessed that 580,000 birds and 5,500 others died when the oil from the spill covered their skin. As well, smaller shellfish and other sea creatures were later eaten by seals, whales, and other animals. The most oil ever spilled was actually dumped on purpose as an act of ecological warfare. The term ecological warfare means to fight by doing harm to nature in the area under attack. In 1990, Iraq sent soldiers into Kuwait and set off the Persian Gulf War. As part of the Iraq war plan, 900,000 tons of oil were let out into the Persian Gulf Way Iraq. This oil covered 1,500 square kilometers of water in the Persian Gulf. The oil also damaged 650 kilometers of the coastline of both Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In some places, oil floating on the water was measured to be 43 centimeters thick. Water birds, water plants, and baby fish were all seriously affected by the oil. The long-term effects of this act on the food chain in the area are bound to cause problems tar into the future.

4. What do you learn after reading the passage? (within 30 words)

3. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words)

2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

I reached out my hands for the letter under the pillow that night when I went to bed, and I always felt relief with the letter under my pillow.