1. Everyone in the hospital hoped that he gave up after a

　 few days' treatment, and she was optimistic.

3. under attack 遭受攻击。under 表示“在……(状态)

　 中”；“在……(情况)下”

　 [词组] under repair 在修理中

　　 under study 在研究着

　　 under construction 在建设中

[考点3]动词 + down的短语

① come down 下来

② fall down 倒下，跌落，从……落下，失败

③ go down 下降，下跌

④ get down 下来

⑤ put down 把……放下来；平定，镇压

⑥ sit down 坐下

⑦ shut down 把……关上

⑧ turn down 关小，调低，拒绝

⑨ slow down 减缓，减速，放慢

⑩ write / set / note / put down写下，记下

⑩ pull down 拆毁，摧毁．推翻

⑩ get down to business 言归正传

[例句] The plan fell down because it proved to be too

expensive. 这项计划因费用过高而告吹。

More American troops were sent to Iraq to put down

the rebellions. 很多美国军队被派往伊拉克去镇压反

抗。

Turn the radio down - I'm trying to get some sleep. 把

收音机声音调小点儿 - 我想睡会觉。

He can't do heavy work, for he has been pulled down

by his long illness. 他不能干重活，因为长期患病使得

他的身体很虚弱。

The road was slippery, so Mr. Jones slowed down the

car. 公路滑，所以琼斯先生放慢了车速。

Make sure you write down every word the speaker

says. 务必记下讲话者所说的每一个单词。

[考例3l(2003全国)News reports say peace talks be-

tween the two countries ____ with no agreement

reached.

　　 A. have broken down

　　 B. have broken out

　　 C. have broken in

　　 D. have broken up

[考查目标]此题主要考查break的动词短语。

[答案与解析]A　 break down失败．坏了}break out突

然发生。爆发；break in 闯入；break up分开，分解。本

句话意思是“有新闻报道说，两国间的和平谈判因没有

达成一致意见而失败了”。

[考点1]动词+up短语

① clean up 清除，收拾干净

② eat up 吃光

③ get up 起床

④ give up 放弃

⑤ grow up 长大，成长

⑥ hurry up 赶快

⑦ lock sb. up将某人监禁起来

⑧ look up 向上看，抬头看，好转，有气色，查寻

g) make up 弥补．拼凑成

⑩ pick up 拾起．捡起，学会。获悉，听到，见到，恢复健康

⑩ pull up 往上拽

⑩ put up 举起，张贴，为……提供食宿

⑩ ring up 打电话

⑩ stay up 不睡．熬夜

⑩ wake up 醒来．唤醒

⑩ open up 开设，开业，开放

⑩ set up 建立．开创．使某人有钱创业

@ clear up 放晴

[例句] She soon picked up French when she went to live

in France. 她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。

You don't look up well today. What's the trouble? 你

今火气色不太好，怎么了?

These days many girls make up when they are still quite

young. 如今许多女孩还很年轻就化装。

When he was twenty-one, his father set him up in the

clothing business. 他21岁时，他父亲把他安顿在服装

店。

I've an important meeting to attend. Be sure to wake

me up at seven o'clock. 我有一个重要的会议要参加，一

定要在七点钟叫醒我。

Now that it was raining heavily, they decided to put us

up for the night. 由于雨下得很大，他们决定留我们过

夜。

Ring me up if you learn the truth. 一了解到真相就给我

打电话。

She promised the children they could stay up for their

favourite TV programme. 她答应孩子们可以晚点睡，看

他们最喜爱的电视节目。

[考例1](2004上海)To keep healthy，Professor John-

son ____ cycling as a regular form of exercise after

he retired.

　　 A. took up　　 B. caught on

　　 C. carried out　　 D. made for

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析]A take up开始从事；catch on 继续下

去、坚持下去；carry out完成、履行；make for走向、有

利于。本句话意思是“为了保持健康·教授退休后开始

把骑自行车当作锻炼方式”。

[牛刀小试2]

句子改错，每句仅一处错误。

6. in modem times 在现代

　 time 做“时代”解时，通常用复数形式 (times)。

　 Times have changed, and we shouldn't fall behind

　 them.

　 时代变化了，我们不应该落后于时代。

　 Inancient times, people lived on wild fruits and wild

　 beasts.

　 在古代，人们靠吃野果和野兽为生。

　 [词组]

　 in no time 立刻；马上　 at one time 曾经

　 on time 按时　　 in time 及时

　 at a time 一次　　 for a time 一度

　 behind the times 落伍　 at all times 一直；经常

　 at times 有时候　　 from time to time 不时；有时

[考点2]set短语

① set off 出发，动身，启程

② set one's mind to 一心想做……

③ set free 释放

④ set up 设立．创立

⑤ set out 出发．陈列，陈述

⑥ set down (使)放下；写下，记下

⑦ set to work 开始工作

[例句]They have set off on a journey round the world.

他们已经开始环游世界。

The government has set up a working party to look into

the problem of drug abuse. 政府已经成立T作组调查滥

用毒品问题。

Liu Xiang has set up a new world record in men's 110m

hurdles. 刘翔创下了新的110米栏世界纪录。

You could be a very good writer if you set your mind to

it. 你只要专心．就可能成为优秀作家。

[考例2](2004江苏) It's ten years since the scientist

　 　____ on his life's work of discovering the valuable

　chemical.

　　 A. made for　　 B. set out

　　 C. took off　　 D. turned up

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。

[答案与解析]B　 make for走向，有利于；set out开始，

着手；take off 脱下，起飞；turn up 出现，到达。本句话

意思是“从这位科学家开始发现有价值的化学药品的

工作已经十年了”。

5. change one's mind改变主意

　 Nothing could change her mind, so the meeting broke

　 up.

　 什么也改变不了她的主意，所以会议解散了。

　 [词组]bring back to mind 使回想起

　 keepinmind 记住

　 have something / somebndy in mind 心里想着某事／某

　 人

　make up one's mind 下决心(mind在此可数)

　 read one's mind 看出某人的心思

　 take something off one’s mind去掉某人的心事

4. bring...back to life 使恢复；使苏醒；使生动

　 They did all they could to bring him back to life.

　 他们尽一切努力以使他苏醒。

　 A great actor can bring a character to life.

　 一个伟大的演员能使角色生动起来。

　 [拓展] bring...back to health 使……恢复健康

　 come back tolife 苏醒过来

　 与bring构成的词组：

　 bring about 引起；造成

　 bring up 提出；抚养大

　 bring together 使和解

　 bring back 使回想起

　 bring down 降低；减少

　 bring in 有收入；请来；引进

　 bring on 引起；使发生

8. weigh，weight，weighty

　 weigh vt. 称……；vi. 重

　 weight n. 重量；重要性

　 weighty adj. 重的

　 They weighed the apples they picked from the trees.

　 他们把从树上摘下来的苹果过了秤。

　 The goods were carefully weighed before they were

　 shipped off.

　 货物在用船运走之前仔细过了称。

　 -- Howmuch doesthe boxweigh?

　 -- It weighs six pounds.

　 “这个箱子重多少?”“重六磅。”

　 What is your weight? = How much do you weigh?

　 你的体重有多少?

　　 [短语归类]

7. more than, more…than

　 (1) more than主要有以下用法：

　 ① 后接名词，表示超出该名词之所指，意为“不只是，

　 不止”。

　 Bamboo is used for more than building.

　 竹子不仅仅用于建筑。

　 ② 后接形容词或动词，用来加强语气，“很；非常”。

　 She is more than pleased with her daughter's

　 performance.

　 她对女儿的演出十分高兴。

　 ③ 后接副词，加强语气，表“十分”，“不止”之意。

　 He was dressed more than simply.

　 他穿的岂止是朴素，简直近乎破烂了。

　 ④ 后接含有情态动词Carl的从句，其本意是“超过”，

　 常用来表示否定意义，可译为：“简直不”，“远非”。

　 The beauty of this city is more than words can describe.

　 这城市之美是无法用语言描述的。

　 ⑤ 后接数词，表示超出该数，意思是“多于；大于”。

　 The factory turns out more than one hundred cars

　 daily.

　 该厂日产汽车一百多辆。

　 (2) more...than 结构中间常插入形容词或副词，表

　 示以下两种含义：

　 ① 表示普通的比较级，指两种不同的事物(人)在同

　 一属性上的比较。

　 This coat is more expensive than that one.

　 ② 表示“与其说是……不如说是……”，指对同一事

　 物的两种属性进行选择。

　 She is more diligent than wise.

　 与其说她聪明，不如说她勤奋。

6. hold, take place, happen

　 (1) hold为及物动词，“举行；召开”。

　 The meeting will be held next Sunday.

　 (2) take place指按计划或安排所要发生的事情，它是

　 不及物动词短语，不能带宾语，没有被动语态。

　 The meeting is going to take place tomorrow.

　 (3) happen多指偶然发生的事，不及物动词，无被动

　 形式。

　 Do you know what has happened over there?

5. competition, game, race, match

　 (1) competition 意为“比赛”，“竞争”，可指各种形式

　 上的竞赛。

　 (2) game意为“游戏”，“比赛”，通常指有一定规则，

　 凡参加者均需遵守，可指连续的游戏或比赛活动中

　 的一局。说球赛时，一般用game，美国人用game，英

　 国人则用match。另外game用作复数时可指大型体

　 育运动会，如：Olympic Games 奥运会，the Asian

　 Games 亚运会。

　 (3) race 通常指一种跑的竞赛，可以是人也可以是动

　 物，一般不指短距离赛跑 (短距离赛跑用dash)，如：

　 赛跑，赛马，赛车，赛船等。

　 (4) match 常指体育代表团之间的较重大的公开赛，

　 在有些情况下与game相同，一般指竞技比赛。如：

　 拳击，网球，高尔夫球等。

4. join in, take part in, attend, join

　 (1) take part in + activities / work, discussion /

　 research等。

　 take parr in 强调参与性，特别是有众多人参加的活

　 动，含在活动中起一定作用，负有责任之意。

　 Millions of workers took part in (=joined in) the

　 strike / revolutionary movement / fighting．

　 数以百万计的工人参加了罢工／革命运动／斗争。

　 He took an active part in (joined actively in)

　 international academic exchanges.

他积极参加国际学术交流活动。

We'll take part in social activities during summer

vacation.

这个暑假我们将参加社会活动。

(2) join可表示参加一个组织或成为其中一员或与人

为伴，和某人一起做某事，而take part in则不这样

用。

He joined the army / League / Part / club / students

union.

他参军／入团／入党／参加俱乐部／学生会。

Pleasejdn us / my family / Mary.

和我们／家人／玛丽作伴。

(3)join in + activities (相当于take part in) 或 join sb.

in + activities. 指和他人一起参加活动、比赛等。

I didn't join them in writing that book.

我没有参编那本书。

All of us joined in the English speech competition.

我们都参加了英语演讲比赛。

(4) attend v.“参加”是正式用语，指出席会议，参加

婚礼，典礼等，又可指上学，上课，听报告。

He was invited to attend Mary's wedding ceremony.

他被邀请参加玛丽的婚礼。