54. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C. physical temperature affects how we see others

D. capable persons are often cold to others

53. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

A. evaluate someone’s personality

B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

52. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A. adults should develop social skills

B. babies need warm physical contact

C. caregivers should be healthy adults

D. monkeys have social relationships

51. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness

D. the things he has bought online

60. What does the author mainly discuss in the text?　

A. Technology　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　B. Sustainability　

C. Ethanol energy　　 　　　　　　　　　　　D. Environmental protection　

答案　 57.C　 58.A　 59.A　 60.B

Passage 7

(09·天津D篇)

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions-those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

59. The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is 　　　　　.　

A. impractical　 　　　　B. acceptable　　　　 C. admirable　　　　 　D. useless　

58. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ 　　　　　”　

A. the energy benefit　　　　　　　　　 　　　B. the forest loss　

C. climate change　　　　　　　　　 　　　D. burning ethanol　

57. What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text?　

A. The growing demand for energy to make ethanol　

B. The increasing carbon dioxide in the air　

C. The greater need for farmland　

D. The big change in weather.　

58. According to the passage, people are advised_______. 　

A. to treat wild and caged parrots equally

B to set up comfortable homes for parrots

C. not to keep wild parrots as pets

D. not to let more parrots go to the wild

答案　 55.B　 56.C　 57.B　 58.C　

Passage 6

(09·四川E篇)

All too often, a choice that seems sustainable(可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇) for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resource -you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.　

　 One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that’s not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land –including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil-into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.　

　 You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete life-cycle analysis of its environmental(环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living　　　 sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis. 　

57. Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage?

A. The Trust shows great concern for the programme. 　

B. We need to knows more about how to preserve parrots

C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots. 　

D. Parrots’ intelligence may someday benefit people.