19．Regarded as a kind of art form, toys________.

　A. reflect the pace of social progress

　B. are not characterized by technological progress

　C. follow a direct line of ascent

　D. also appeal greatly to adults

18．Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?

　A. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.

　B. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

　C. The craftsmanship in toy - making has remained essentially unchanged.

　D. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries

17．One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that________.

　A. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world.

　B. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

　C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

　D. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

16．The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that________.

　A. they like challenging activities.

　B. their social roles are rigidly determined

　C. most boys would like to follow their fathers professions.

　D. boys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers

15．The underlined sentence means that elderly people ________.

　A. are usually packed like a finely - made book

　B. experience a lot and have rich knowledge of life

　C. do a lot of traveling and can give you much information

　D. enjoy reading thick books of beautiful nature and fairylands

E

　There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.

　In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

　What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same.　The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的)people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Varations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

　Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3000BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

14．For the middle - aged, attractiveness________ .

　A. hardly exists

　B. is the strongest

　C. comes from the inside

　D. comes from the appearance

13．It can be concluded from the text that________.

　A. people should be packed at all ages

　B. people should be packed in a special way

　C. elderly people also care about packing

　D. proper packing makes people attractive

12．Which of the following night be the best title for this passage?

　A. Time and Culture

　B. The Measurement of Time

　C. Time schedule and Daily Life

　D. Clock, Calendar and Society

D

　A person, like a commodity (商品), needs packaging. But going too far is absolutely undesirable. A little exaggeration, however, does no harm when it shows the person’s unique qualities to their advantages. To show personal attractiveness in a casual and natural way, it is important for one to have a clear knowledge of oneself. A skilled packager knows how to add art to nature without any signs of embellishment(装饰), so that the person so packaged is not a commodity but a human being, lively and lovely.

　A young person, especially a female, shining with beauty and full of life, has all the favor granted by God. Any attempt to make up would be self - defeating. Youth, however, comes and goes in a flash. Packaging for the middle - aged is primarily to hide the marks made by years. If you still enjoy life enough to keep self - confidence and work at pioneering work you are unique in through plains mountains and jungles, running its course as it should. You have really lived your life, which now arrives at a self - satisfied stage of quietness and calmness with no interest in fame or wealth . There is no need to make us of hair dyeing. The snow - capped mountain is itself a beautiful scene of fairyland. Let your looks change from young to old in step with the natural ageing process so as to keep in harmony (和谐)with nature, for harmony itself is beauty, while the other way round will only end in unpleasantness. To be in the elder’s company is like reading a thick book of deluxe (better quality)edition that attracts one so much as to be unwilling to part with.

　As long as one find where on stands, one knows how to package oneself, just as a commodity sets up its brand by the right packaging.

11．The Australian aborigines’ way of “telling time” is based on________.

　A. the change of the sun rays

　B. the movement of the earth in relation to the sun

　C. the position of the stone

　D. the position of the tree or the cliff

10．Time is not very important in non industrial societies. This is because people in those societies________.

　A. don’t have the word TIME in their languages

　B. don’t get used to using clocks and other timepieces

　C. don’t measure time in their daily lives

　D. don’t need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule