10．According to the passage, sport is positive for young people in that________.

　A. it can create high levels of stress

　B. it enables them to find flaws in themselves

　C. it can provide them with valuable experiences

　D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

9．An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is________.

　A. to reduce their mental stress

　B. to increase their sense of stress

　C. to make sports less competitive

　D. to make sports more challenging

8．The way to stop water pollution is to________.

　A. realize the serious situation clearly

　B. put oxygen into the river

　C. make the waste material hamless before flowing into the water

　D. make special room in the sea for our rubbish

C

　Sport not only is physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism (批评)from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive (过度的)amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional(情感的), or psychological(心理的), and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to work together with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parent's and coaches’criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷)in themselves.

　Coaches and parents, should also be careful that youth sport participation(参与)doesn't become the work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches direct their attention on the outcome and find fault with young people’s performances. Research indicates that positive(主动的 )reinforcement (加强)motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

7．Which of the following is harmful according to the passage?

　A. Organisms

　B. Plants and plankton in the water

　C. Waste water from cleaning

　D. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water.

6．The living things die because there is no ________in the lake or river.

　A. water　　　　　　B. fish

　C. poison　　　　　　 D. oxygen

5．Pollution of water is noticed________.

　A. when the first organisms are affected

　B. when a good many fish and birds die

　C. when poisonous things are poured into water

　D. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed

4．Which is the advice given to parents in the text?________.

　A. Buy fewer toys for their children.

　B. Form good habits for their children.

　C. Spare some time to play with their children.

　D. Put some toys away without telling their children.

B

　As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.

　Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight, Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms(生物体)to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.

　Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage(污水)and industrial waste . As more detergent(洗涤剂)is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas . Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers water - proof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead(铅).

　So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water . It may already be too late to save some rivers and　lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.

3．Which of the following can be used in place of“jumble ”？

　A. Simple choice.

　B. Mixture in disorder.

　C. Ordinary appearance.

　D. Same shape.

2．According to the therapist, children often complain that they have nothing, to play with because________.

　A. they can t play alone for a long time

　B. they are too young to play with so many toys

　C. they are too lazy to pick out their favorites

　D. they lack the ability to value too many things at a time

1．Steve interrupted his mother several times because________.

　A. he felt uninterested in his toys

　B. he disliked his mother’s guest

　C. he didn't have enough toys to play with

　D. he hoped his mother would play with him