2. The writer thinks that a photographer is required to________.

　 A. be able to tell when a good situation might come

　 B. go out and search for unusual situations

　 C. be highly skilled in camerea techniques

　 D. have a camera which is easy and quick to use

答案：A　 指导：文中作者谈到生活中处处有picturesituations(B错)，第三段的首句告诉我们C不对，最后一句表示不在于照相机好不好用，在于摄影师对生活的aware(D错)，从该段中间的讲述可知A对，文中有"will be prepared when that moment comes"．

1. According to the passage, one can become a better real-life photographer by________.

　 A. watching the photographers at work

　 B. learning about famous photographers

　 C. just taking a great many photographs

　 D. developing skills and ideas for yourself

答案：D　 指导：从文中的描写可以获知，作者谈到如何才能成为一个好的摄影师，谈到要注意身边的素材、观察周围的世界、还要注意摄影技巧，因此选D.

4. Which statement seems true according to the passage?

　 A. Former naval captains always started new colonies.

　 B. The American Revolution had something to do with the convicts.

　 C. A great country may grow from a small colony.

　 D. Convicts are not easy to be governed.

答案：C　 指导：文中只提到“aformernaval captain”，A项显然太武断；B项说美国的独立战争与那些罪犯有关系，这种说法太牵强，综合判断，C项是正确的。

Passage 4

　　 You would like to take good photographs of real-life situations but you have few ideas for pictures. I suggest you look a- round you. The everyday world is full of scenes being played by an ever-changing group of actors. You probably passed a dozen picture situations without noticing on your way to work this morning.

　　 The realistic approach (态度) to photograph has been perfected in the past by such masters as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Bill Brand. But while you can learn a great deal from looking at the works of others, any success you can hope to achieve in this field has to come from developing an individual approach.

　　 The main requirement for any photographer has little to do with technical matters. You must develop an awareness (观察) of the world around you and the people who live in it, and you should learn to notice when a situation may develop to a point where you will be able to take a good picture. Those who have reached this happy state will be prepared when that moment comes, and will simply raise their camera quickly and shoot. Others who are not so aware will be struggling with the camera cases and lens (镜头) caps.

　　 Film manufactures must be delighted at the'thought of the inexperienced photographer setting out in search of the right situation and the right moment. Many miles of costly material have passed through thousands of cameras as this endless search continues. But although this waste must be put down to inexperience, you'll find that even the professionals have to use a lot of film when they are out shooting.

Not every shot is going to be a winner. If you look at the works of even the best photographers, you'll notice dozens of pictures have had to be taken only because they lead up to the successful shot of a situation that the photographer has obviously been observing through the lens. You may find that you have taken one or two pictures after the right moment has pas- sed as well There is seldom more than one shot which stands out. There is just one point where it all comes together, and often you have to waste film to catch that precious moment.　

3. Why did England send convicts to Australia?

　 A. It wanted to make Captain Cook happy about Australia.

　 B. It wanted convicts to find a good harbor and good land.

　 C. It could not feed its overpopulation.

　 D. It could no longer send convicts to America.

答案：D　 指导：从短文第三段的描述中知，由于美国发动了独立战争取得独立，英国政府不能将罪犯流放到美国，这才将目光投向澳大利亚。

2. The underlined word "convict'(in Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.

　 A. a person who lost his family

　 B. a person who has done crimes and is sent to prison

　 C. a native living in the area

　 D. a person who is sentenced to death

答案：B　 指导：由上下文可知，convict指犯了罪(crimes)受罚(punishment)的人，英国政府将其流放到“agood place for prisoners"，因此选B.

1. The article tells us mainly about___________.

　 A. a fleet of English ships

　 B. hunting on other people's property

　 C. a convict settlement in Australia

　 D. how Australia was discovered

答案：C　 指导：纵观全文，本文讲述英国政府在发现澳大利亚后一直没有利用这块土地，美国独立战争之后它不能将罪犯流到美国，于是将澳大利亚作为其流放地，因此选C

4. The book Japanese to Be Read Aloud _________.

　 A. sells very well in Japan

　 B. is supported by the government

　 C. is questioned by the old generation

　 D. causes misunderstanding among the readers

答案： A　 指导：关于这本书。作者说“are now flying off booksellers’s he lves”，因此选A.

Passage 3

　　　 On May 13,1787, a fleet of English ships set sail for Aus tralia with about 750 people. These men and women were not ordinary passengers, They were convicts being sent to Austial ia as punishment for their crimes.

　　　 Laws in England during this period were very hard, and　 people were punished severely for even the smallest crimes. A man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another man's　 property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone else's tree. For many other crimes, the punishment was　 "transportation". The guilty person was shipped to a distant land where he was forced to work without pay. Often women　 and children were shipped to other lands too.

　　　 In 1770, Captain Cook had discovered the continent of Australia and claimed it for England. At first, England found　 no use for this vast land on the other side of the world, but then the American Revolution took place. England could no longer ship her convicts to the American colonies (殖民地). So　 she turned to Australia as a good place for her prisoners.

　　　 A former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony. His job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern. The captain was glad to go.

　 He believed the convicts could learn to live in peace. He felt they would obey the laws in the new country.

　　　　 In January 1788, the English fleet and its cargo--the convicts landed on Australia. After days of searching, the captain found a good harbor. The land nearby had trees and streams. The convict colony made a new beginning here. Australia's history thus began.

3. Which of the following plays an important part in the spreace of foreign words?

　 A. The media and government papers.

　 B. Best-selling Japanese textbooks.

　 C. The interest of young Japanese.

　 D. Foreign products and experts.

答案：A　 指导：第6段谈到这些词语的来历，出现在政府公文、广播中，即A。

2. In the opinion of Takastii Saito, Japanese people _________.

　 A. are good at learning foreign languages

　 B. are willing to learn about new things

　 C. trust the media

　 D. respect experts

答案：B　 指导：还是第5段，“外来词语受欢迎部分原因是日本人对任何新东西都感兴趣”，因此选B.

1. What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Jal　 nese terms?

　 A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.

　 B. Foreign words are best suited for announcements.

　 C. Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.

　 D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.

答案：A　 指导：第5段末提到原因，“用外来词语你可以让一个话题看上去很新鲜，而这样一来媒体更容易感兴趣。”