题目列表(包括答案和解析)

 0  259872  259880  259886  259890  259896  259898  259902  259908  259910  259916  259922  259926  259928  259932  259938  259940  259946  259950  259952  259956  259958  259962  259964  259966  259967  259968  259970  259971  259972  259974  259976  259980  259982  259986  259988  259992  259998  260000  260006  260010  260012  260016  260022  260028  260030  260036  260040  260042  260048  260052  260058  260066  447348 

2.某些动词,如sell,write,wash与副词连用,表示事物的特征时。

试题详情

做题时还要注意以下解题技巧:

考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态,而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境,弄清时间的先后关系,可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。

一、慧眼识别标志词

如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。

[例]①More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent

[解析] 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态。答案为B。

动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语。

(1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等。

(2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等。

(3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。

(4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。

(5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等。

(6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years…等。

(7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等。

(8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等。

[命题角度及对策]高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策。

二、主从时态须呼应

如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。

命题角度及对策]近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查。在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:

(1)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时。

(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。

(3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)。

三、仔细体会语境

近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。

例:-Do you think we should accept that offer?

-Yes,we should,for we______ such bad luck up till now,and time______ out.

A. have had;is running

B. had;is running

C. have;has been run

D. have had;has been run

[答案解析] A。由时间标志词up till now知道,动作是从过去延续到现在,所以第一空要用现在完成时;而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了,所以第二空要用进行时表将来。

-Can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus?

-Well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 A.m..

A.will leave      B.left

C.is leaving      D.leaves

[答案解析] D。考查时态,“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情,表示一般性动作用一般现在时。

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

[例题1]With our society developing,the level of life in our eountry    greatly recently.

A.has been rose   B.has been raised   C.had rose   D.rose

[解题指导]此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之一:时间状语不同。一般过去时,常与表示过去时间点的词连用(表示过去某时发生的动作);而现在完成时常与表示一段时间的词连用(表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态)。抓时间状语是关键:判断是时间点还是时间段。

[解析]B。首先根据句中时间状语recently(近来)表示一段时间可知,此处应用现在完成时;再结合句意可知应用被动语态,故答案为B。A项中的动词rise是不及物动词,没有被动语态,故A项不对。

[例题2]Look!How clean they are!What    with them?

A.have you done   B.did you do  C.had you done   D.do you do

[解题指导]此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之二:一般过去时表示过去某时的状态或发生的动作,与现在没有什么联系;而现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。因此解题的关键是:结合句意判断这个动作有无影响。

[解析]A。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响就隐藏在句中:How clean they ale!也就是说你的打扫使得房间清洁,强调”你的打扫”的影响和结果,故用现在完成时。

[例题3]一I haven“seen you for ages.Haven’t you graduated from college?一Yes,--English four’years in Seijing.

A.study   B.have studied  C.am studying  D.studied

[解题指导]此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之三:过去时与一段时间连用表示动作没有持续到现在;而现在完成时与一段时间连用表示动作持续到了现在。结合句意判断动作是否持续到现在是解题的根本所在。

[解析]D。“Yes”表明“已经毕业”,也就是说,“已不在北京学习”,即动作没有持续到现在,故用一般过去时。

一般过去时与过去进行时的区别

一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。近三年全国各地区考查一般过去时与过去进行时的区别的题目有10道。

[例题4]I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn’t spare my time, for I    a composition which I had to hand in this morning.

A.wrote   B.was writing   C.had written   D.have’written

[解题指导]结合句意判断动作是否完成是解题的关键。

[解析]B。结合句意”我昨晚想帮你可是抽不出时间,因为昨晚我在写一篇作文,这篇作文我今早必须得交”可知,正是因为作文没写完”我”才不能帮”你”的忙,故用过去进行时。A项wrote,一般过去时,表示作文已经写完,(就可以帮人家了)与题意相矛盾,故不能用一般过去时。

[例题5]Do remember to remind me to return the book I    from you.

A.was borrowing   B. had borrowed  C. borrowed   D.would borrow

[解题指导]本题的解题关键是结合句意判断动作是否完成。

[解析]C。句意为”记着提醒我把借你的书还给你”。”借”这个动作已经完成,故用一般过去时。

被动语态

被动语态是高考考查的重点,是每年必考的语法项目,而且是和时态放在一起进行综合考查的。

[例题6]Clothes made of this material    comfortably,but    easily.

A.wear;aren’t washed   B.are’worn;don’t washC.wear;don’t wash   D.are WOrn;aren’t washed

[解题指导]考生要弄清何时用主动形式表被动意义:

1.表示感觉、感官的系动词后跟形容词时。

试题详情

5.含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢

   Much attention must be paid to your handwriting.

试题详情

4.不可变为被动语态的几种情况

  ①当句子的宾语是反身代词时(因为反身代词不可作主语)

He can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。不可变为Himself can be dressed by him.

  ②当句子的宾语是相互代词时(因为相互代词不可作主语)

We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.

  ③动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式

He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.

类似lose heart词组的还有make a face,keep silence,keep words,lose in thought等等

  ④take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态

She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.

⑤当have, cost, fit, last, hold等表示状态的及物动词作谓语时

Our village has twenty tractors. 我们村有20台拖拉机。

The hall can hold 2000 people. 这个大厅能盛2000人

The war lasted four years.  这场战争持续了4年

⑥当某些及物动词(如leave, enter, join,等)的宾语是表示处所、地点或组织时

The students entered the classroom one by one. 学生门陆续地进了教室。

My brother joined the Party two years ago. 我哥哥2年前入了党。

My father left his hometown five years ago. 我父亲5年前离开了家乡。

⑦当句子的宾语是同源宾语时

The Browns live a happy life. 布朗一家过着幸福的生活。

⑧当句子的宾语为行为者(主语)身体上某一部分时

I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着,我简直不相信自己的眼睛。

He hurt his foot by jumping over a fence. 他跨越栅栏时伤了脚。

⑨当用非谓语动词作宾语时

He likes studying English. 他喜欢学习英语

I wish to go there myself. 我想亲自去那里一趟

注意:少数以不定式(短语)做宾语的动词(如agree, feel, decide, think等)可以变为被动句,但不能以不定式(短语)直接做被动句的主语,而要借助it为先行主语,将不定式(短语)置于谓语动词之后

He has decided to go and study abroad.

→It has been decided(by him)to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。

试题详情

3.主动表示被动的几种情况

①不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态

常见动词是:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等

This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。

These books sell well.这些书好卖。

The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。

Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。

The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

   ②一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等

The apples taste good.

The flower smells wonderful.

The news proved/turned out true

Cotton feels soft.

试题详情

2.被动语态的句型

①常见句式是:主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者)

He was scolded by the English teacher.

②主语+get+过去分词+其它成分

The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.

使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”

在现代英语中大量地出现了由"get+及物动词的过去分词"构成的被动语态,这就叫做get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限,通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。

▲get+及物动词的过去分词

 get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形

式连用,构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身,常指"最后终于,突然发生"等意

义。

He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。

The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。

▲get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中,也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。

The old man was offered a large sum of money. (正)有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。

The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误)

▲get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩

He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。(有“活该”之意)

How did the window get closed. 窗户怎么关上了?(有“不该关上’之意)

▲get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态,而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。

   She got tired. 她感到累了。(有开始感到疲劳的含义)

She was tired. (只表示”她累了”)

③带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。

She lent me a bike.®被动:▲I was lent a bike(by her).

▲A bike was lent to me(by her).

④情态动词+be+过去分词

This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

  ⑤双重被动式:主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分

These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.

The murderer was ordered to be shot.

试题详情

1.被动语态的适用范围

①当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by短语。

This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。

②为了强调动作的承受者时

  Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.  要求参观者不可触摸展品。

③出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者

You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。

常用于如下句型:

It's not known that… ……不得而知   It's said that… 据说……

It's reported that… 据报道……     It's not decided that…尚未决定

It's believed that… 据认为……     It's announced that…据宣布……

试题详情

11.要求一定时态的固定的句型

①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事,这时突然……)

I was reading a book when the bell rang.

②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事,这时突然……)

We were about to leave when the telephone rang.

③It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

It’s the first time I’ve seen her.

We have been there three times.

如果句中有比较确定的时间状语,则服从时间状语的要求。

Last year I saw him many times.

④It is/has been… since…

It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.

She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.

⑤Hardly… when…\No sooner… than…

Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.

I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.

⑥It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

This is the first time I have been here.

It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.

III.被动语态的用法

被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为"be+及物动词的过去分词"。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时,由"情态动词(can, may must, have to等)+be +动词的-ed形式。含有"be going to , be to, used to, be about to"等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时,其构成为"be going to (be to, used to, be about to)+ be +动词的-ed形式"构成。

试题详情

10.过去将来时

①过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图打算(主要用于宾语从句中);

She was sure she would succeed.

I thought you would come.

把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式,便成了过去将来时的表达形式。

②表示过去经常发生的动作。

  When he was young, he would go swimming

注意:would与used to的区别:would只表示过去,不涉及现在,而used to表示“过去常常”要与现在比较,即现在不是这样了。

试题详情

9.将来完成时

  用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when,before引起的时间状语连用。

We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

试题详情


同步练习册答案