题目列表(包括答案和解析)

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5. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.

A. if never   B. if ever   C. if not   D. if any

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4. --How much vinegar did you put in the soup?

  --I'm sorry to say, ____. I forget.

  A. no   B. no one   C. nothing   D. none

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3. --The weather is too cold ____ March this year.

  --It was still ____ when I came here years ago.

  A. for; colder   B. in; cold   C. in; hot   D. for; hotter

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2. We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won't go ____ it's raining.

A. if   B. when   C. though   D. because

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1. Stop making so much noise ____ the neighbor will start complaining.

A. or else   B. but still   C. and then   D. so that

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(9)-Are the roles working?

-Yes,()pupils are dropping school now.

A.few B.less C.a bit D .little

(10)-Are you finishing the talk?

-().We need no less than three hours more.

A.Far from it B.Exactly C. Not a little D. No wonder

(11)-I()to a party,but I’ve got nothing to wear.

-Why not have a dress-made for you?

A.have been invited B. will invite

C.was invited D. have invited

(12)Another month,()we are sure to get through building the road.

A.so B.and C. otherwise D.or

答案:A A A B 

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(5)(),so her mother had to stay at home looking after her.

A.Being ill B.Lucy being ill

C.Lucy was ill D.As lucy was

(6)Mrs Lynn has two daughters.(),as far as I remember,are both working in the US.

A.whom B.and who

C.who D.they

(7)I’d like to buy a suitcase for my son,()at a proper price but of great use.

A.that B.what C.one D.which

(8)()is reported in today’s newspaper,the peace talk between the two nations has broken down again.

A.It B.What C.As D.That

答案:C D C C

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(1)The purpose of the reform is to make the farmers’life easier,()it more difficult.

A.is not making B.not making

C.does not make D.not to make

(2)()your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A.If you check B.Checked

C.Having checked D.Checking

(3)Where was it yesterday morning()you met Tom?

A.when B.that

C.in which D.which

(4)()two exams to worry about,Hans has to work much harder than before.

A.For B.As C.Since D.With

答案:D A B D

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3.I’m going to be a pop star ____ Michael Jackson.

ANSWER:1.such as  2.for example  3.like

◆ for the first time;the first time ◇ for the first time 首次;第一次。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。例如: The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term. 两位女生开学初首次交谈。 ◇ the first time 首次;第一次。常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况;也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。例如: I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her. 第一次见到她,我就知道我们会成为好朋友。 This is the first time I have been to the Great Wall. 这是我第一次去长城。

H

◆ habit, practice, custom, convention这组名词一般含义为“习惯”。

◇ habit指个人的“习惯”,通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法

That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.

这证明是我的失败,因为我不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。

◇ practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”,这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法

On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat--the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.

在另一方面,一想到用动物油煎马铃薯,你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里,这是为大家接受的通常习惯。

She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,yet following her general practice she had shut them before going out.

她慢慢地走进厅堂,并且立刻发现所有的房门都是开着的。但是按照她自己的一般习惯,她在外出前总是把门全部关好的。

◇ custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义,此外,custom 还包含这样一层意思:长期而广泛采用的行为或方法,即风俗习惯,按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范,它不仅有指导意义,而且具有必须遵循的意义

Don't be a slave to custom.      不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。

From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.

一个人从诞生的那一时刻起,他降生后所处的风俗习惯便给他的阅历和行为定型。

◇ convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词,它的含义为:固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法

They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.

他们不顾社会习俗,并未意识到自己在做些与众不同的事。

◆ hand down;hand in;hand over;hand out ; by hand ;hands up

◇     hand down作“把……传下来”解。例如:

…knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race.

……他们的知识,生活习惯以及人们所怀念的事情,都是由他们的祖先传下来的。

The story was handed down from one generation to another.这个故事世代相传。

◇ hand in为“把……交上来” 、“交给”、“递交”之意。例如:

Time is up.Hand in your examination papers.时间到了,请把试卷交上来。

◇ hand over作“转交”或“移送”解。例如:

Please hand over this money to XiaoZhou.请将这笔钱转交小周。

The thief was handed over to the police.小偷已被移送到公安机关了。

◇ hand out为“散发”之意。例如:

When I got to the classroom the teacher had already begun handing out the test papers.

我赶到教室时,老师已开始分发试卷了。

◇ hands up表示“举起手来”;◇ by hand表示“用手”、“手工”,是介词短语,作方式状语。

[EXERCISES]

①This toy was made    .  ②After class, you must     your homework.  ③If you have any questions to ask,please    .  (Keys:①by hand ②hand in ③hands up)

◆ have sb.do sth.;have sb./sth.doing sth.;have sth.done ◇ have sb.do sth.为“使(让、请)某人做某事”之意,其中作宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。例如: The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让男孩背对着父亲站着。 ◇ have sb./sth.doing sth.为“让某人(某事)一直做某事”之意,其中作宾补的现在分词表示保持或一直存在的状态。例如: The two cheats had their lights burning all night long. 两个骗子让灯整夜地亮着。 Although the farm is large,my dad has only two men working for him. 虽然农场大,但我爸爸只雇了两人为他(一直)干活。 ◇ have sth.done 有两层含义和用法: *其一,作“(有意地)让他人为自己做某事”解,即过去分词所表示的动作由别人完成,而宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者或动作对象。例如: I’ll have a new suit made of this cloth. 我要用这种布料做一套新衣服。 *作“(无意识地)让某人(或某物)遭受不幸”解。例如: He had his handbag stolen. 他的手提包被人偷了。

◆ hear of/ hear from/ hear◇ hear of表示“听人说起”、“听说过”,侧重于间接听说;◇ hear from表示“收到……的来信”、“收到……的来电”,后面接指人的名词或代词;◇ hear表示“听见”、“听到”,后面接名词、代词或宾语从句。

[EXERCISES]

①I    that our team won.  ②I    my brother twice a month.  ③I    her death last week.  ④Can you    some birds singing?  (Keys:①heard ②hear from ③heard of ④hear) 

◆ holiday(holidays),leave, vacation 这三个词都有“假日(期)”的意思,但含义用法并不相同。

◇ holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”

Tom and I are going to have a holiday.     我和汤姆准备去度假。

I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已经度过假了。

During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car.

在瑞典度假期间,我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。

Postcards always spoil my holidays.      明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。

My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends.

我的假日过的很快,但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友。

注:have  a (或one's)holiday 度假,during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式,但并不只是“一天”假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”,如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。

◇ leave 指“请假”,被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间

He stays at home on sick leave.      他请了病假呆在家里。

He asked for a six months' leave.     他请了6个月的假。

◇ vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子,美国可指任何假日(期)

The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation.

这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。

Mr. Fuller is on vacation now.    费勒先生在度假。

◆ honour homage reverence  deference ◇ 都含“尊敬”、“敬意”的意思。

◇ honour 指“普遍承认或钦佩某人的人格、事迹等因而受到的尊敬”, 如:

in hono(u)r of the martyred dead  向死难烈士致敬。

◇ homage 指“以诚恳恭敬的态度表示敬意” 如:

They bowed in homage to the Unknown Soldiers.        他们向无名烈士墓鞠躬致敬。

◇ reverence指“崇敬”, 如

He held her in reverence.  他崇敬她。

◇ deference指“听从长者、上司、或值得尊重的人表现出的尊敬”, 如:

Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?   你对父母师长尊敬吗?

◆ hurt; injure; wound; cut ◇ hurt为普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害(可被badly, slightly, seriously等修饰),也可指精神上、感情上的伤害(被very much/rather/deeply修饰),多指伤痛。如:

I hurt my leg badly in the football match.在那场足球赛中,我的腿受了重伤。

He felt rather hurt at your words.你的话使他很难过。

◇ injure比hurt正式,主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:

A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。

◇ wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:

The thief wounded him with a knife.那小偷用刀刺伤了他。

You have wounded his pride.你伤害了他的自尊心。

◇ cut指无意中造成的轻伤。如:

How did you get that cut on your hand﹖你手上的伤口是怎么弄的?

G

◆ gather round; gather in; gather up; gather from

◇ gather round表示“聚集在……周围”、“聚集在一起”。

◇ gather in表示“收获?庄稼 ”。

◇ gather up表示“收拾起来”、“抱起来”。

◇ gather from表示“从……推测”、“从……推想”,后面与that-clause连用。

[练]

①I ____ her letter that she is very happy now.

②The students in our class ____ Mr Wang.

③You'd better ____ your books and put them away.

④The farmers ____ the wheat now.

⑤All the workers ____ him and asked him what was wrong with him at all.?

(Key: ①gather from  ②gathered round  ③gather up  ④are gathering in  ⑤gathered round)

◆ get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee (from)这几个词均可表示“逃”,但含义有别:◇ escape指安全地“逃走或跑掉”,强调结果;◇ get away from及run away from表示“逃”的动作或行为,含有动作快速而敏捷之意,多用于口语中;◇ flee强调“逃”这一动作急促或迅速,不强调结果。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。如: The bird has escaped from the cage.那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。 He ran away/got away/escaped from the fire.他从火灾中逃出来了。 He fled (from) the burning house.他从燃烧的房子中逃出。 ◇ 另外,表示“从某处抽身”,一般用get away from。如: I’m afraid she can’t get away from the meeting. 我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。  ◆ give up; give in; give out ◇ give up指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃,可用作及物动词,跟名词或v-ing作宾语;也可作不及物动词;◇ give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等,而按别人的要求去做,一般作不及物动词;◇ give out意为“用完;耗尽;体力不支”,是不及物动词。例如:

①The wind was strong and the waves were big,so he had to give up attempting/his attempt to swim the channel.风急浪高,他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算。

②All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half way.

除有两个中途放弃外,?其它所有的姑娘都跑完了比赛的全程。

③As neither of the two sides would give in,the agreement fell through.

由于双方都不肯让步,所以没能达成协议。

④After a long journey,my strength gave out and couldn’t walk any farther.

走了很长的路,我已筋疲力尽,再也走不动了。

◆ glance; stare; glare

◇ 这组动词都与“看”有关。glance意为“匆匆一瞥”,是不及物动词,其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。如:

1) He glanced at his watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。

2) She glanced down the list of names.  她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。

◇ stare意为“凝视”,它也是一个不及物动词,其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。如:

She stared at him in surprise.她惊讶地瞪着他看。

He was staring out to the sea.  他凝目眺望大海。

◇ glare意为“怒视;瞪眼”,也是不及物动词,其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。如:

They stood glaring at each other.他们互相怒目而视地站着。

◆ go on to do sth;go on doing sth.;go on with sth. 这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思,但在含义上有所不同。 ◇ go on to do sth.表示“接着做另一件事”,即接下去做与原来不同的一件事;◇ go on doing sth…表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”;◇ go on with sth.表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”,其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下,go on doing sth.和go on with sth.可互换。例如: After they had read the text,the students went on to do the exercises. 读完课文后,学生们继续做练习。 The students went on talking and laughing all the way. 一路上学生们一直有说有笑。 After a rest,we went on with our lesson(=After a rest,we went on having our lesson.). 休息以后,我们继续上课。

I

◆ identical,alike,resemble ◇ identical adj.指同一个人或物时,表示“同一的”,可以与same互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时,表示“完全一样的”。◇ alike  adj.常作表语,表示在外表、性格或品质等方面几乎相同。◇ resemble    v.指看起来象。

A.After the earthquake the city ___ a battle field.

B.The interests of both parties mayn ot be ____,but they do overlap considerably.

C.You and your father don’t look very much ____.

D.This gun is ____ to the one which the murderer used.

Answers: A. resembled   B. identica◆ C. alike   D. identical

◆ illness;sickness;disease三者均有“病或疾病”之意。

◇ disease 具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾病,可引申为某种“弊端”,如:heart disease “心脏病”; disease of society“社会弊端”等。

◇ sickness 和 illness 可指任何疾病或不适。但在英国,用法有些区别:sickness 多用来指恶心、呕吐之类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病;

◇ illness主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病。在时间上,短时的病痛多用 sickness,较长时间的病痛多用 illness。例如:

    He suffered from mountain sickness.  他患有高山病。

   The child has suffered from illness for two years.  这孩子已经病了两年了。

  Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers.    汹涌的海浪使许多乘客感到恶心。

◆ increase(decrease)…by;increase(decrease)…to ◇ 与increase,decrease搭配时,by表示数量增加或减少的幅度,即在原有的基础上“增加或减少了多少”;to则表示“增加或减少到多少”。试比较:

The production cost of these trucks has decreased by one third compared to last year.

与去年相比,这些卡车的生产成本降低了三分之一。

The population of India has increased to one billion.印度的人口已经增加到了十亿。

◆ in all; at all; after all ◇ in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:

There are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all, there are 25,000 Inuit.)    这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。

◇ after all意为“毕竟”。表示“和预期相反”常放在句末;用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论或理由,一般放在句首。后者也可译为“要记住,别忘了”。如:

I thought he was going to help us, but he didn’t after all. 我以为他会帮助我们的,但他终究没有帮我们。

After all your birthday is only two weeks away. 别忘了,再过两周就是你的生日了。

◇ at all用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中,以加强语气,意为“根本;竟然”。如:

I don’t agree with you at all.我根本不同意你的意见。

I was surprised at his coming at all. 我很奇怪,他竟然来了。(本来我以为他不会来的。)

◆ in the morning;on the morning of

按英语的习惯用法,in the morning(afternoon/evening)表示“在早上(下午)晚上”之意,而on the morning(afternoon/evening)of则表示“在某个具体的一天的早上(下午/晚上)”之意,试比较:

1)He often reads English and Chinese in the morning. 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。

2)At 5∶13 on the morning of April 18th,1906,the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.

1906年4月18日早晨5点13分,旧金山市发生了一次可怕的地震。

◆ in the way; in a way; in no way; on the way ◇ in the way 意为“挡道;妨碍(某人)”。如:

Tell the boy not to stand in the way.叫那个男孩别挡道碍事。

◇ in a way 意为“用某种方法(做某事)”。名词way前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。如:

He worked out the problem in a simple way.他用简单的方法算出了这道题。

In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends.

就这样一连过了好几天,艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。

注意:如果in a way单独使用,way前不加任何修饰语,意为“在某种程度上;在某些方面(某一点上)”。如: The article is well written in a way.从某种程度上来说,这篇文章写得不错。 ◇ in no way 意为“决不;一点也不”,常用来加强语气。如:

They are in no way similar to each other.他们毫无相似之处。

◇ on the way 意为“在途中”,其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。如:

He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema.他在去电影院的路上把票弄丢了。

W

◆ wash/wash away◇ wash表示“洗(手、衣服等)”,既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词;◇ wash away表示“冲走”、“冲垮”、“洗掉”,作及物动词短语用。

[EXERCISES]

①The flood    some of the houses in the village.  ②He    his face and hands,then went downstairs.  ③You must    before dinner.  (Keys: ①washed away ②washed ③wash)  

◆ wear;have on;put on;dress;(be)in+颜色(服装、眼镜等)

◇ wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜(手套、首饰、帽)等,以强调“穿(戴)着”的状态。例如:

Mr Wu always wears a blue coat in winter. 吴老师冬天总是穿着一件蓝色大衣。

◇ have on作“穿(戴)着”解,同wear一样,也表状态,但不用于进行时态。例如:

Xiao Wang has on a white shirt today.(=Xiao Wang is wearing a white shirt today.)

小王今天穿着一件白衬衫。

◇ put on着重强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。例如:

I like to put on my hat when I go out in winter. 冬天,我喜欢外出时戴上帽子。

◇ dress既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。例如:

1)Her mother is dressing her. 她母亲正在给她穿衣服。

2)The nurses are dressed in white. 护士穿着白衣服。

◇   “(be)in+颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表示“穿着”的状态,在句中作表语或定语。例如:

He is in uniform  today. 他今天穿着制服。

◆ work on/work at ◇ work on表示“从事”、“创作”、“进行”,后面接名词、代词或V-ing,强调做具体的事;还可表示“继续工作”、“努力说服”,既可作及物动词短语用,又可作不及物动词短语用。例如:

Miss Liu is working on a new book.刘老师正在写一部新书。

We'll work on till midnight.我们将继续工作到午夜。

◇ work at表示“致力于”、“从事于”、“研究”、“学习”,后面接名词、代词或V-ing,强调把时间和精力等用在某一方面的事情上,侧重于说明所从事的工作性质。例如:

Mr.Zhang is working at a new invention.张先生正从事于一项新的发明。

He has worked at this subject for many years.他研究这门学科已经好多年了。

◆ would do sth.; used to do sth.

这两个短语都可以表示“过去经常做某事”,但区别是:

◇ would do sth.表示过去某一段时间内习惯性的行为、活动;

used to do sth.在时间上主要是同现在对比,暗含“现在已不这样了”的意思;其后既可接表示动作的动词,也可接表示认知或状态的动词。

V

◆ vast; huge

   两者都是形容词,意思是“巨大的、庞大的”。 在强调面积和范围的宽广或博大时,用vast;指体积或容量等方面“巨大、超过一般标准”时,用huge。如:

   This area is covered in vast forests. 这个地区被一片广阔无垠的森林覆盖。

   That’s a huge ship. 那艘船好大。

◆ very; right; just  三者都含有“正好;就是”之意,◇ very是形容词,用来修饰名词,位于the, this,my等限定词后;◇ right和just作副词,用来修饰谓语(常为动词be)或作状语的介词短语等,须放在the, this,my等限定词之前。如:

At the very beginning of this term, they took an exam. 就在学期开始的时候,他们举行了一次考试。

He is just the actor I want.他正是我所想要的演员。

The police looked at the thief right in the eye.警察目不转睛地盯着小偷。

U

◆ used to; be used to; get used to ◇ used to意为“过去常常(做某事)”,后接动词原形。常用来表示今昔对比,含“(现在)已不那样做了”之意。如:

She used to work hard.她过去工作很努力。(暗指现在工作不努力了。)

◇ be used to 有两个含义:①“被用来做某事”,后接动词原形。②“习惯于;适应”,后接名词、代词或v-ing,表示一种状态。如:

Computers are used to do many things for people now. 现在计算机被用来做许多事情。

He is used to hard work.   他现在习惯于艰苦的工作。

She isn’t used to living in the countryside now. 她不习惯在乡下生活。

◇ get used to 意为“习惯于”,表示一个动作,含“由不适应向适应的转变”,其后接名词、代词或v-ing。如: You’ll soon get used to the weather here.你很快就会适应这儿的天气。

T

◆ take along; take care of; take place; take out

1) Miss Wang ___ a handkerchief and blew her nose.

2) Mr Zhang ___ some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there.

3) Since 1996, great changes ___ in our school.

4) My grandmother was ill.I must stay at home to ___ her.

析: ①took out。表示“拿出;掏出”。 ②took along。表示“携带;随身带着”,其中along是副词。 ③have taken place。表示“发生”,相当于一不及物动词,无被动语态。 ④take care of。表示“照料;照管;照顾”。

◆ tell ... from; tell ... between

◇ 二者均为习惯用法:tell A from B意为“区分A和B”,也可以说成tell the difference between A and B。如:

Can you tell American English from British English﹖  你能分辨出美国英语和英国英语吗?

To tell the truth, I really can’t tell the differences between the Maori and American Indians. 

老实说,我真的分不清毛利人和印第安人。

◆ the same as;the same that ◇ the same as是表示“相似或同一类的人和事”之意。例如: Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 过去的很多体育项目和现在的一样。 This is the same book as Mr Wang lost. 这本书跟王先生丢失的那本一模一样。 ◇ 而the same that作“同一个人或同一件事”解。例如: This is the same book that Mr Wang lost. 这本书就是王先生丢失的那本书。 That is the same bike that I lost. 那辆自行车就是我丢失的那辆。

◆ think of/think about/think over ◇ 这三个词组都与“想”有关,但所表达的含义有所不同。 ◇ think of多用来指“想起,认为”。

如:Last night,before I went to bed,I thought of my parents.昨晚我睡觉前,想起了我的父母。

What do you think of that book?你认为那本书怎么样?

◇ think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”。

如:Think about what you have done!想想你所做的这一切吧!

◇ think over意思是“仔细考虑,认真思考”。

如:Before you answer this question,please think it over.在回答这个问题之前,请认真考虑一下。

◆ this kind of, of this kind ◇ 二者都表示“这种……”,但“this kind of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与kind保持一致;“名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。如: This kind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce. 这种女演员不难找,可是这种导演却不多见。

◆ though;although;as ◇ 这三个词都可以表示“虽然”、“尽管”。though和although引导让步状语从句时,常可互换,只是although的语气更强一些。如:

Though/Although it was late,the farmers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors.

◇ 此外,though可以用于省略句,although很少这样用?though引导的从句可以部分倒装,although引导的从句不用倒装语序。如:

Though poor, he is always neatly dressed.

Poor though I am, I can afford it.

◇ as表示“虽然”、“尽管”引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序,将表语、状语等置于句首。

Tired as he was, he went on working with his workmates.

Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.

注意:as引导让步状语从句时,若充当表语的名词位于句首,则该名词前面不用冠词。

◆ through; over; across; into

1) The PLA man jumped ___ the water to save the boy.

2) The highway goes under the river ___ the tunnel.

3) There is a bridge ___ the river.

4) The ship sailed ___ the Atlantic.

5) The students walked ___ the gate with Mr Liu.

析: ①into。意为“进入;到……里”,含动作方向为由外向里之意。 ⑤through。意为“通过;穿过”,侧重于指从物体的中间穿过。 ③over。此处意为“(位置)横跨;在……上面”,表示动作时为“越过……”之意。 ④across。意为“横过;穿过”,一般指从房间、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。 

◆ trip;journey;travel;tour

◇ trip是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。如:

We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside during our vacation.

在假期里我们到最近的海滨作了一次愉快的旅行。

◇ journey常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。如:

He made a long journey from Beijing to London. 他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行。

◇ travel泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无路程的含义。如:

He came home after five years of travel. 五年的旅行后,他回到家中。

◇ tour常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原出发地之意。如:

Confucius began to make his tour among the states. 孔夫子开始周游列国。

◆ try on; try out

◇ try on指“试穿(衣服、鞋子)”及“试戴(帽子)”等,其中的on为副词,当宾语是代词时,该宾语要放在on之前;如果宾语是名词,该宾语放在on之前或之后均可。例如:

try on a coat=try a coat on  试穿衣服 The new hat is for you.Please try it on. 这新帽子是给你的,请试试看。

◇  try out指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法,其中的out为副词,当宾语是代词时,try out要分开用。例如:

We tried out this new crop on a large area last year. 去年我们大面积试种这种新庄稼。 I'll try it out and see if it works. 我来试试看能否行得通。

T

◆ take along; take care of; take place; take out

1) Miss Wang ___ a handkerchief and blew her nose.

2) Mr Zhang ___ some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there.

3) Since 1996, great changes ___ in our school.

4) My grandmother was ill.I must stay at home to ___ her.

析: ①took out。表示“拿出;掏出”。 ②took along。表示“携带;随身带着”,其中along是副词。 ③have taken place。表示“发生”,相当于一不及物动词,无被动语态。 ④take care of。表示“照料;照管;照顾”。

◆ tell ... from; tell ... between

◇ 二者均为习惯用法:tell A from B意为“区分A和B”,也可以说成tell the difference between A and B。如:

Can you tell American English from British English﹖  你能分辨出美国英语和英国英语吗?

To tell the truth, I really can’t tell the differences between the Maori and American Indians. 

老实说,我真的分不清毛利人和印第安人。

◆ the same as;the same that ◇ the same as是表示“相似或同一类的人和事”之意。例如: Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 过去的很多体育项目和现在的一样。 This is the same book as Mr Wang lost. 这本书跟王先生丢失的那本一模一样。 ◇ 而the same that作“同一个人或同一件事”解。例如: This is the same book that Mr Wang lost. 这本书就是王先生丢失的那本书。 That is the same bike that I lost. 那辆自行车就是我丢失的那辆。

◆ think of/think about/think over ◇ 这三个词组都与“想”有关,但所表达的含义有所不同。 ◇ think of多用来指“想起,认为”。

如:Last night,before I went to bed,I thought of my parents.昨晚我睡觉前,想起了我的父母。

What do you think of that book?你认为那本书怎么样?

◇ think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”。

如:Think about what you have done!想想你所做的这一切吧!

◇ think over意思是“仔细考虑,认真思考”。

如:Before you answer this question,please think it over.在回答这个问题之前,请认真考虑一下。

◆ this kind of, of this kind ◇ 二者都表示“这种……”,但“this kind of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与kind保持一致;“名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。如: This kind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce. 这种女演员不难找,可是这种导演却不多见。

◆ though;although;as ◇ 这三个词都可以表示“虽然”、“尽管”。though和although引导让步状语从句时,常可互换,只是although的语气更强一些。如:

Though/Although it was late,the farmers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors.

◇ 此外,though可以用于省略句,although很少这样用?though引导的从句可以部分倒装,although引导的从句不用倒装语序。如:

Though poor, he is always neatly dressed.

Poor though I am, I can afford it.

◇ as表示“虽然”、“尽管”引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序,将表语、状语等置于句首。

Tired as he was, he went on working with his workmates.

Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.

注意:as引导让步状语从句时,若充当表语的名词位于句首,则该名词前面不用冠词。

◆ through; over; across; into

1) The PLA man jumped ___ the water to save the boy.

2) The highway goes under the river ___ the tunnel.

3) There is a bridge ___ the river.

4) The ship sailed ___ the Atlantic.

5) The students walked ___ the gate with Mr Liu.

析: ①into。意为“进入;到……里”,含动作方向为由外向里之意。 ⑤through。意为“通过;穿过”,侧重于指从物体的中间穿过。 ③over。此处意为“(位置)横跨;在……上面”,表示动作时为“越过……”之意。 ④across。意为“横过;穿过”,一般指从房间、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。 

◆ trip;journey;travel;tour

◇ trip是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。如:

We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside during our vacation.

在假期里我们到最近的海滨作了一次愉快的旅行。

◇ journey常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。如:

He made a long journey from Beijing to London. 他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行。

◇ travel泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无路程的含义。如:

He came home after five years of travel. 五年的旅行后,他回到家中。

◇ tour常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原出发地之意。如:

Confucius began to make his tour among the states. 孔夫子开始周游列国。

◆ try on; try out

◇ try on指“试穿(衣服、鞋子)”及“试戴(帽子)”等,其中的on为副词,当宾语是代词时,该宾语要放在on之前;如果宾语是名词,该宾语放在on之前或之后均可。例如:

try on a coat=try a coat on  试穿衣服 The new hat is for you.Please try it on. 这新帽子是给你的,请试试看。

◇  try out指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法,其中的out为副词,当宾语是代词时,try out要分开用。例如:

We tried out this new crop on a large area last year. 去年我们大面积试种这种新庄稼。 I'll try it out and see if it works. 我来试试看能否行得通。

S

◆ satisfaction; content

◇ satisfaction“满足”,为名词,指达到希望时所感觉到的较强的满足感,其形容词为satisfactory(指事物,不可用人作主语)或satisfied(可用人作主语)。例如:

His success gave me great satisfaction. 他的成功令我非常满意。 Your work is satisfactory. 你的工作令人满意。 I am satisfied at your success. 我对你的成功感到满意。

◇ content“满足”,为普通用语,语气较弱,其要求值不高,一般的事情只要过得去或没有什么不满就算content,可作名词或形容词(可用人作主语)。例如:

He takes content in nothing. 他这人从不知足。 He takes content in everything. 他这人容易满足。 He is content to live in the countryside. 他满足于住在乡下。

◆ search;search for; search…for;in search of

◇     search  vt.search sb.搜某人的身;search a place 搜某个地方。如:

The policeman is searching a thief.那警察正在搜小偷的身。

◇  search for sb./sth.搜寻、寻找某人、某物。如:

They searched for that man everywhere.他们到处寻找那个人。

◇  search…for sb./sth.搜……寻找某人、某物。如:

They searched the woods for a lost child.他们在树林里搜寻一个丢失的孩子。

◇  insearch of中的search为名词,意为“寻找;寻求”。如:

They went to Australia in search of gold.他们去澳大利亚寻找金子。

◆ search; search for; look for ◇ search用作及物动词,后跟“人”时,意为“搜身”;后跟地点名词时,表示“对某地进行搜查”。也可在宾语后加for短语,表示搜查具体目标。如: The policemen searched everyone at the party. 警察对参加聚会的每个人都进行了搜身。 The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed. 敌人在山上搜寻红军,但没找到。 ◇ search for意为“寻找”,可视为是search...for的省略式,此时search为不及物动词。如: She searched for her lost cat everywhere,but failed. 她到处寻找走失的猫,但没找到。 ◇ 另外,search用作名词,常构成短语:in one’s search for相当于in search of, 后者search前不用冠词或人称代词。如: They went out in their search for food.=They went out in search of food.他们外出寻找食物。◇ look for意为“寻找”,但没有search for注意力集中,地点名词不可直接跟在look后作宾语,其前需加介词。如: What are you looking for on the playground﹖ 你在操场上找什么呢?

◆ set up;set out;set off;set about

◇ set up 建立政权、组织、国家等。如:

The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.

政府已成立工作组调查毒品泛滥问题。

◇  set out 出发;动身。如:

They set out for Beijing yesterday.他们昨天动身去北京。(此种情况下out可用off替换)。

◇ set out to do sth.开始做某事。如:

She set out to break the world land speed record.她决心打破陆上速度的世界纪录。

◇ set off使(地雷、炸弹)等爆炸。如:

Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.

要格外小心这些烟火,稍有火星就会引起爆炸。

◇ set sb.off doing sth.使某人开始干某事。如:  

Her imitations always set us off laughing.她模仿别人的动作,每次都把我们逗笑。

◇  set about用于set about sth./doing sth.结构中,表示开始做某事,着手干某事。如:

The new government must set about finding solutions to the country's economic problems.

新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。

◆ so/such◇ 两者都可以表示“如此”、“这样”。so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词;such是形容词,用来修饰名词,如果修饰单数可数名词(名词前常有形容词修饰),其后需加不定冠词a或an,即把不定冠词置于such的后面,形容词的前面。

例如:He writes so well.他字写得这么好。

     He told us such a funny story.他给我们讲了一个很有趣的故事。

◇ 另外,当名词前有many,much,few,little等词修饰时,用so,不用such;当单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时,也可以用so,但要调整冠词的位置,即冠词置于形容词之后,单数可数名词前。例如:

They made so much noise,our teacher got angry.他们吵得这么历害,老师生气了。

It's so cold a day to day.(=It's such a cold day today.)今天是这么寒冷的一天。

◆ so as to; in order to; so…as to ◇ so as to与in order to二者均表示“以便;为了”,后接动词不定式作目的状语,可以换用;但so as to引导的目的状语不能置于句首,而in order to则可以。如: He stopped working in order to/so as to take a rest.他停止工作以便休息。 In order to make a living, he had to work day and night.为了谋生,他不得不日夜工作。 ◇ “so+形容词/副词+as to”的意思是“如此的……以致于”,引导表示结果的状语。如: He ran so fast as to get a pain in his side.他跑得太快,结果导致腹侧疼痛。

◆ sometimes/sometime/some time ◇ sometimes是个频度副词,意为“有时”,表示动作发生的不经常性,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如:

Sometimes I have lunch at school.有时我在学校吃午饭。

◇ sometime是个副词,意为“某时”,指时间上不确定的某一点,常用于过去时或将来时。如:

I saw him sometime in July.七月有一天我曾见到过他。

◇ some time是个名词短语,意思是“一段时间”,在句中常与for,take等词连用。如:

I'll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿呆一段时间。

◆ sow;plant;grow

◇ sow意为“播、撒、播种、种”,其后跟(the)seeds或“植物(结成种状的)”。如: 

It’s time to sow wheat now. 现在该种小麦了。

Don’t sow the seeds of hatred. 请不要撒下仇恨的种子。(比喻用法)

◇ plant意为“栽、插、移植”,其后跟作物(多为苗状的)。如:

He plants rice fastest in the village. 他在那个村子里插秧的速度最快。

The garden was planted with Chinese roses.  园子里栽上了月季。

◇ grow作及物动词时,意为“种植、培植”,后接宾语(不表明种状还是苗状,强调种植后的栽培及管理过程);作不及物动词时,意为“生长、发育”;作系动词时,意为“变得”。如:

They can only grow potatoes in the fields. 他们只能在地里种土豆。

It grows up straight and thin.  它长得又直又细。

It began to grow dark.  天渐渐黑了。

◆ spend/take/pay ◇ spend“花费”常用于 Sb.spend(s)some money(time)on sth.或 Sb.spend(s)some money(time)(in)doing sth.其主语一般是人。

如:He spent 20 yuan on the pen.他花了20元钱买了这支钢笔。

I spent a week(in)finishing reading the book.我花了一周时间读完这本书。

◇ take常用于占用或花费“时间”,其句型为:Sth.takes sb.time 或 It takes sb.time to do sth.

如:The work will take us two hours.这项工作将花费我们两小时。

  It took me three days to travel to Beijing.我在北京旅游了三天。

◇ pay“付款、给……报酬”,它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型:①Sb.pay(s)sb.money意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。

如:He pays me fifty yuan a week.他每周给我五十元的报酬。

②pay for sth.意为“付……款、给……报酬”。

如:He has paid for the meal.他已付了那顿饭的钱。

③pay money for sth.意为“花多少钱买某物”。

如:My father paid 40 pounds for the desk.我父亲花了40英磅买了这张书桌。

◆ step/walk ◇ 这两个词都与“走、步行”有关,它们都可以作动词或名词。step多用来指“短步,台步或急步”,而walk多用来表示“漫步,散步或稳步”。

如:作动词The young man stepped into the house.那位年轻人走进房子里。(表示走的动作短、急)

The young man walked into the house.那位年轻人走进房子里。(表示走的动作慢、稳)

作名词 We heard his steps of coming home.我们听到了他回家的脚步声。(表示脚步声)

Let's have(take)a walk,shall we?咱们散散步,好吗?(表示四处走动走动)

◆ steady;firm

◇ firm常译为“坚固的”,“坚决的”,表示具体的事物地位牢固不易动摇;也可表示意志、信仰的“坚定”。如:

We must stop people walking on this floor until it is firm. 我们一定不能让人在这地板上走动,要等地板牢固了才行。 Our friendship is as firm as a rock. 我们的友谊坚如磐石。

◇ steady则意为“稳固的”,“扎实的”,强调保持平衡不动摇,如指有形物,则指根基的稳固;也可用于指运动中的平稳。如:

It is hard to hold a steady position on the beam. 在平衡木上保持平衡是很困难的。 He is making steady progress.他正取得稳步的进步。 

◆ stop/pause/end  三者都表示“停止”,都可作动词用。◇ stop后跟to do时,表示停下来去做另一件事;后跟doing时,表示停止正在做的事情。如:   He stopped to greet us. 他停下来向我们打招呼。  I have stopped smoking. 我已戒烟了。◇ pause含有“休、止”之义,强调“中止”。如:◇ end多指“自然的结束”。如:   The book ends on page 364. 该书在第364页结束。

◆ struggle; fight ◇ fight意为“打仗,战斗,和……作斗争”。常构成词组:fight for为……而战;fight against为反对……而斗争;fight with和……一起战斗。如:

Lincoln fought hard for freedom of all people.林肯为全民的自由而奋斗。

Some countries who fought with each other in World War II fought against each other in the Cold War.

有些在二战中并肩作战的国家在冷战中却互相进行争斗。

◇ struggle意为“挣扎”,也可指“斗争”,与fight相比,斗争更为费力,处境更难。struggle against和(同)……斗争;     struggle for为……斗争。如:

The Canadians struggled all through the years with us against the Japanese.

那些加拿大人那些年一直和我们一起同日本人斗争。

The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。

◆ supply; provide

两者均可表示“供应;供给”,指对于缺乏或不足的事物进行补充或供给,用法如下:

◇ supply常与to/for或with连用,其结构是:supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb.with sth.。例如:

They supply food to/for the survivors.=They supply the survivors with food.他们供应食物给幸存者。

◇ provide常与for或with连用,其结构是:provide sth.for sb.或provide sb.with sth.。例如:

He provides food and clothes for his family.=He provides his family with food and clothes.他给家人提供衣食。

R

◆ raise; keep; support; feed 这四个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思,但也有区别。

◇ raise意为“抚养(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”之意。如:

He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago.

他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。

He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊从小羊羔时就是他喂养的。

◇ keep表示“养活(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”。如:

John has his wife and six children to keep(support).约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。

They kept some hens and pigs.他们养了一些鸡和猪。

◇  support意为“养活”,不用于饲养动物。如:

She supports her old mother.她赡养老母亲。

He has a large family to support.他要养活一大家子。

◇ feed意为“喂?养 ;饲养;以……为食”。如:

Have you fed the baby/cow yet?婴儿/牛喂了吗?

She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。

Foxes feed on small animals.狐狸以小动物为食。

◆ rather than/would rather(…than)◇ rather than是连词,前后两端所连的词性是一致的,通常译为“而不是”或“与其说是……不如说是”,有时可用短语介词instead of替代。例如:   He was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那时正在写信而不在看报纸。   John should go rather than=(instead of)Jean.应该去的是约翰,而不是简。    These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子谈不上漂亮,但穿起来倒很舒服。   Evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.与其说埃文斯是个老师,不如说是个医生。◇ would rather表示选择或主观上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解为had。它表示“宁愿、宁可”的意思。如果要把取舍的双方都表达出来,则应该用would(or:had)rather…than,表示“宁愿……也不……”的意思。例如:    My aunt invited me to the film, but I said I'd rather go on a picnic with the girls.    我的姑妈邀请我去看电影,可是我说我倒愿意跟女孩子们一起去野餐。   I am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他们一定会宁死不屈。

◆ refer to; refer…to ◇ refer to意为①“谈及”,“提到”;②“查阅”,“参考”。如:

You are the very person I referred to just now.你正是我刚才所指的人。

Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here. 当你第一次在这儿驾驶时,请参看市政地图。

◇ refer…to意为①“把……提交给”,“把……归功于”②“让……处理/查找”,可用于被动语态。如:

The dispute was referred to the United Nations.争端被提交联合国解决。

He referred me to the notes.他建议我参看一下注释。

We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party.

我们把我们所取得的巨大发展归功于党的正确领导。

◆ reply;answer

◇ 二者均可表示“回答”,可作名词和动词。answer 为一般用语,主要用于对问题、指责等的回答;reply的用法较正式,多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。二者作名词时都指“……的答案或答复”,均与 to 连用。例如:

    Answer this question.   回答这个问题。

    I asked her the reason, but she didn’t reply.  我问她为什么,她却不回答。

   I received no reply / answer to my request.  我的要求没有收到任何答复。

◇ answer 后面可直接跟宾语,而reply 跟宾语时须与 to 连用;answer 可表示对电话、敲门等作出的“应答”,reply 则不能。例如:

   You must reply to/answer this letter right away. 你应当马上回复这封信。

   Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?

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2.Some students,Wang Lin,____ like country music very much.

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