1. in common

[观察思考]

In pairs discuss what they have in common.小组讨论他们有什么共同点。

1). We have a lot in common.　 我们有很多相同之处。

2). In common with other students, Tom is often late for school.　

和其他学生一样, 汤姆也经常迟到。

3). They have something in common in this connection.　 在这点上, 他们有些共同之处。

4). The two sisters have nothing in common.　 两姐妹没有什么共同之处。

5). In common with many others, she applied for a training place.

她已和许多人一起申请参加训练.

[归纳用法]

In common表示“共同；共用”，common 普通的；一般的；常见的the common people普通人，common knowledge常识。Have something/nothing in common with 与……有些/没有共同之处。

9. arise

[观察思考]

Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.然后她为我设计了新情况发生时可以使用的可能动作。

1). Accidents often arise from carelessness.　 事故往往起因于粗心。

3).How did the quarrel arise?　 争吵是怎样发生的？

2).The problem may not arise, but there's no harm in keeping our powder dry.

问题不一定会发生, 但有备无患并无害处.

4).I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen.　

我本来想事情很容易，但是出现了许多问题。　

5).A strong wind arose in the night.　 夜间起了大风。

6).We arose at 5 a.m.. 我们早晨五点起床。　

7).When I started off, the sun was arising.　 我出发时太阳正在升起。　

[归纳用法]

arise是不及物动词，主要义项有：⑴ 产生；出现 ⑵ 起床；起立；升起

短语arise from/out of 由……引起。

8.personally

[观察思考]

Personally, I think the team who won first place cheated.

我个人认为得冠军的那个对作弊了。

1). She presented the prizes personally. 她亲自颁奖.

2). Personally speaking/Speaking personally, I'm in favour of the scheme.　

就本人而言, 我赞成这个计划.

3). I don't know him personally, but I've read his books.　

我对他个人并不了解, 但我看过他的书.

4).He chose Germany, but personally I'd prefer to go to Spain.

他选择了德国，而我个人倒更喜欢西班牙。

5). Personally, I like him, but many people do not.　

就我自己而言，我喜欢他，但是许多人不喜欢他。

[归纳用法]

personally是副词，主要义项有： ⑴亲自地；亲身 ⑵ 就个人而言；作为个人， in person,亲自地，in one’s own opinion就本人而论

7. signal

[观察思考]

For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.

例如，当我开着的时候，我可以用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。

1) He seems to be signalling.

他似乎正在发送信号。

2) The policeman signalled the children to cross the road.

警察向孩子们做手势，叫他们过马路。

3) He signalled the car to stop by raising his hand.

他举手示意车停住。

4) He signal (to) the waiter to bring the menu

他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。

5) The old man signalled to me the way to go

这个老人示意我走这条路。

6) She flashed the torch as a signal.

她用手电筒发信号.

7) He raised his arm as a signal for us to stop.

他抬起手臂示意我们停下.

8) A red light is usually a signal for/of danger.

红灯通常是危险的信号.

9) Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed.

她昨天的讲话标志著她的观点已经转变.

[归纳用法]

signal 可以用作及物动词和不及物动词，意思为“发信号; 用信号传达(某信息)；打信号示意”。常用结构：

signal to sb 向某人示意

signal that 示意

signal sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal 也可以用作名词，意思为“信号；手势；暗号；标志；信号器或信号物”。

6. anyhow

[观察思考]

Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提高质量的生活。

1) Of course I don't mind taking you home , but I'm leaving anyway. 当然我不介意带你回家，但是无论如何我得走了。

2) Her parents were opposed to her giving up her course, but she did it anyway. 她的父母反对她放弃她的课程，但是即便如此。她还是这样做了。

3) It's too late now, anyhow. 无论如何现在已经太迟了.

4) Anyhow I don't believe it can be done

无论如何我也不相信这事能办成。

5) Your homework was done all anyhow.

你的家庭作业做得很马虎。

7) He does his work anyhow, without taking any care or trouble over it.

他干起活来马马虎虎，既不当心，又不认真。

[归纳用法]

anyhow用作副词,(也可以用anyway), 意思为 “无论如何;即使如此;至少”, 另外也用作 “随随便便地; 杂乱无章地”讲。

5. explore

[观察思考]

I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.

我还被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。

1) Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent.

哥伦布发现了美洲, 但没有考察这块新大陆.

2) As soon as they arrived in the town they went out to explore.

他们一到这座城镇就出外查看周围环境.

3) We explored several solutions to the problem.

我们探讨了几种解决该问题的方法.

4)The best way to explore the countryside is on foot. 考察乡村最好的方法是步行。

5) Let's explore this issue/idea more fully

让我们充分地探讨这个问题。

6) The answer to this question is now under exploration

该问题的解决办法在探讨中。

7) China is making further exploration of space.

中国正在进一步探索太空。

[归纳用法]

explore用作动词, 义项有：(1) 勘探；探测　 (2) 探险；考察　 (3) 仔细检查(某事物)；探索；探究。 名词形式为exploration 主要结构有：

under exploration 处于探索之中

make/carry out an exploration of sth进行探索……

The exploration for sth　 对……的探索

4.totally

[观察思考]

As a result I have totally changed my shape.因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。

1). All this is totally unnecessary.　

所有这些完全都是多余的。

2).My speculations proved totally wrong.　

我猜想的全错了。

3). A totally blind man can see nothing.

完全瞎了的人什么也看不见。

4). I totally agree with you.

我完全同意你的看法。

5). The children seem to be totally incapable of working quietly by themselves.　

这些孩子似乎完全不能安静地自己做功课。

[归纳用法]

totally 是副词，主要义项有：完全地；全部地。Total用作形容词, 意思为“总的，全部的”，用作名词, 意思为“总数，合计，全部”，短语in total 总共，总计，相当于in all，altogether。

3.solve

[观察思考]

In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.

在1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦 图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台 “通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。

1) Will you help me to solve this puzzle?

你能帮助我解决这个难题吗？

2) I solved the word puzzle in three minutes

我用三分钟解出那个字迷。

3) Help me to solve my financial troubles.

请帮我解决经济困难. 4) Just calm down - shouting won't solve anything! 　 请安静，喊叫不会解决问题的。

5) Police haven’t still solved the crime.

警察仍然没有破案。 6) There's no easy solution to this problem. 　 没有解决这个问题的容易的方法。

7) She just seems so unhappy and I don't know what the solution is.

她似乎不是那么高兴，我不知道如何解决。

[归纳用法]

solve解决，解答(难题等)；解释, 揭示(秘密等)；解决(困难等):

solution解决方法；答案；解决，后接介词to，表示 “……的解决方法”。

2. simplify

[观察思考]

Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.

尽管当时我很年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的数学题。

1) This dictionary tries to simplify the meanings of words.

这本词典努力把词意简化。

2) He tried to simplify the story for the younger audience.

他尽力简化这个故事便于年轻读者理解。

3) I can understand the book--it's written in simple English.　

我能读懂这本书--它是用简单的英语写的。

4) They live a simple and happy life.

他们过着简朴而幸福的生活。　

5) The questions can be answered quite simply.

这些问题回答起来很容易。

[归纳用法]

simplify为动词，意思为 “简化；精简；使易懂”。

simple 为形容词，意思为 “简单的, 简明的; 朴素的;单纯的”。

simply为副词，意思为“简单地；简明地：直率地；仅仅；完全”。

1.calculate

[观察思考]

I began only as a calculating machine in 1642 in France.1642 年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。

1). Let me calculate the cost of the journey.　

　 让我计算一下旅途的用费。　

2). I have calculated that there are 10,080 minutes in a week.　

　 我计算出来一星期有10,080分钟。

3).The government has to calculate the likely effects on revenues of a big drop in the oil price.　

　 政府必须估算出油价大幅度下降对财政收入可能产生的影响。

4).The scientists calculated when the spacecraft would reach the moon.　

　 科学家推算出宇宙飞船抵达月球的时间。

5).This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of house wives.　

　 这个广告以引起家庭主妇们的注意为目标。　

6).The speech was calculated to win votes.

那次演讲意在拉选票。

[归纳用法]

calculate是动词，主要义项有：. (1) 计算；核算 ⑵估计；推测 ⑶有…企图；打算, be calculated to do sth.目的是……

calculate on/upon指望；预测，名词calculator计算器。