题目列表(包括答案和解析)

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5.Traffic in the city was i__________ by a snowstorm.

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4. What were your first i_________ of London?

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3.I've received a gift from him, but I'm not going to a__________ it.

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2.She had to make a c__________ between the two dresses.

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1. He is one of the d__________ of the famous film.

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4.关系副词和人称代词、指示代词的区别:

在高考中,经常把关系代词和人称代词、指示代词一起安排在选项里面。要做对这些题目,就必须从分析句子结构入手。如果两句之间有逗号隔开而且没有其它连词,就要选关系代词;如果第二个分句中有连词,两句之间有分号或者句号,则是并列句,就应该选人称代词或者指示代词。

例如:

      It was carved in rock and had on the outside four large statues, each of which was 20 meters high.

      It was carved in rock and had on the outside four large statues and each of them was 20 meters high.

      它是被雕刻在岩石上的,在它表面有四个大石头雕像,每个都高达20米。

[考点透视 考例精析]

   [考点]  考查定语从句引导词的选择。

   [考例1]  The film brought the hours back to me ___________ I was taken care of in that far-away village.  (NMET2001)

     A.until        B.that            C.when           D.where

   [解析]C本句的意思是“这部电影把我带回到我在那个偏远的村子里由别人照顾的日子里。”空格里应该选择关系副词when,它引导定语从句修饰hours,同时when在从句中作时间状语。

   [考点] 考查序数词前的冠词用法。

   [考例2] The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have _______ third one because ________ second one is rather too small.

    A.a, a          B.the, the        C.a, the           D.the, a

   [解析]C序数词前使用不定冠词表示“又一个,再一个”的意思,相当于another,不是强调顺序的,而定冠词放在序数词前强调顺序。

   [拓展] 序数词前选用冠词问题是一个常考到的类型。不定冠词表示“在原提到的数量基础上的又一个,另一个”,翻译时要注意。再如:

     He has tried three times but failed, but he has decided to try a fourth time.

   他已经试验过三次都失败了,但是他决定要再试一次。

   [考点]考查具体语境中动词的选择。

   [考例3] --Will you go to study in Australia next fall?

   --No, I can not __________ the right cost.

        A.spare       B.share           C.spend           D.afford

   [解析] D本题中的四个动词的含义及用法各不相同。Spare表示“节省”;share表示“分享”;spend表示“花费”;而afford表示“花费得起,付得起”。只有D项符合题意:“我付不起相关费用”。注意:afford常与can/could连用。

[基础演练]

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3.由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可以代整个主句。在句中可以作主语、宾语、或者表语,二者经常可以互换;但as可以放在句首或者插入句中、放在句尾,which只能放在句尾。

      例如:

                         She failed in the exam, which/as was natural.

   她考试不及格,这很自然。

 As we know, the earth goes around the sun.

   正如我们都知道的,地球围绕着太阳运转。

 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 

   太阳给地球热量,这一点对于我们非常重要。

   Mr. Zhang, as we all know, is an honest person.

   正如我们大家都知道的,张先生是个老实人。

 特别注意:as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都可以指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

   (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。 例如:

   As we can see, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.(as在从句中作宾语)

   正如我们可以看到的,海洋覆盖了地球的百分之七十以上。

   (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语经常用行为动词的被动语态形式;若为行为动词的主动语态,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

例如:

   As is expected, they arrived on time.

   正如所预料到的,他们按时到达了。

   They are hollow, which makes them very light. (从句的谓语动词为makes,所以只能用which。)它们是中空的,这一点使得它们的重量很轻。

   (3)as常和动词expect, see, say, hope, happen, know等连用。当从句和主句语义一致时,as常翻译成“正如”。

   例如:

   As often happens, he is late again.

   正如经常发生的,他又迟到了。

   The Great Wall, as is well-known, is one of the wonders in the world.

   众所周知/正如大家都知道的,长城是世界上的奇迹之一。

   (4)注意:as与the same, such 等连用时,引导的定语从句不是代表整个主句。例如:

Such people as you described just now are common these days.= People such as you described just now are common these days.

   像你刚才描述的那种人这些日子很常见。

   They have the same problems as you do.

   他们遇到了和你们相同的问题。

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2.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的部分,不可以去掉;非限制性定语从句是对主句的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,

      例如:

   This is the car which we bought last month.  

   这是我们上个月买的那辆车。(限制性定语从句,不可省略)

   He was the only person who/that could unlock the door.

   他是唯一一个能够打开那扇门的人。(限制性定语从句,不可省略)

   The house, which we bought last year, is very large.这幢房子面积很大,是我们去年买的。(非限制性定语从句,可以省略)

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      定语从句复习 第二部分:

1.关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的词,在从句中作状语。

      (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

      例如:

    There are occasions when (on which) one must give in. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

    Shandong is the place where (in which) I was born. 山东是我的出生地。

    Is this the reason why (for which) they didn’t come ? 这就是他们不来的理由吗?

      (2) that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后面,取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,

      例如:

    His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

    He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived twenty years ago. 他不大可能找到他二十年前居住过的地方。

      (3)在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,选择介词一般依据以下几个原则:

     ①根据先行词来选择介词。例如:

    The pencil with which I wrote my homework was very long.

    我用来写作业的那支铅笔很长。

    ②根据从句的动词来选择介词。例如:

    The girl to whom you spoke at the lecture hall yesterday is the most beautiful girl in our class(speak与to搭配,表示“给某人说话”)

    昨天在讲座厅你给她说话的那个女孩是我们班最漂亮的。

    ③根据意义来选择介词。例如:

    He made a telescope, through which he could study the skies.

    他做了一架望远镜,通过这架望远镜他能够研究天空。

   My glasses, without which I was almost blind, fell to the ground and broke.

                         我的眼镜掉在地上摔碎了,没有眼镜我几乎什么都看不见。

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3.Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.

      此句中包含有两个动词的-ing形式,第一个“having good table manners”作主语;第二个“knowing, for example, how to use …”作宾语。

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