1.. Do island nations have advantages over other countries? 岛国(在此方面)比其他国家拥有更有利的条件吗？ have/get/gain/win advantages/an advantage/the advantage over…胜过，优于 take advantage of 利用……，趁……之不备 。如： 例句①Linda has an advantage over an opponent.

琳达有超越对手的优势。

②He has the advantage of a steady job.

他有工作稳定的有利条件。

③We should take advantage of all educational opportunities.我们应该利用一切教育机会。

[考题1]： The 　　　　　of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.

A. bad　　　　 B. good　　　 C. disadvantage　 D. advantage

His height and reach give him a big advantage ______other boxers.

A. at 　　　　 B. in 　　　　 C. over　　 D. of

2．stand for释义： represent sth.　 代表某事物

The letters “USA ”stand for the United states of　 America．“USA”这几个字母代表美利坚合众国。

Do you know what UFO stands for?　 你知道UFO代表什么吗?

含stand的词组还有：

How do you stand by and see such wrong doing?

你对这样的错误行为怎能袖手旁观呢?

Stand out

　[考题2]There _____all old temple on the hill．can you see it?

A．1ies　　 B．1ying　　 C．stands　　 D．standing

3．Other people think geography is confusing and difficult to learn. 其他人认为地理课使人感到混乱无序，很难学。 confusing(adj.) 令人糊涂的，使人混乱的 confused(adj.) 某人糊涂的，搞混乱的 confuse(vt.)使混乱，使糊涂 confuse sb./sth. with sb./sth.把……和……弄混 They asked me so many questions that I got confused.他们问了我许多问题，把我弄糊涂了。 Don’t confuse Austria with Australia. 不要把奥地利与澳大利亚混淆了。

[考题3]The policeman’s _____ traffic directions made all the drivers quite _______.

fused,confused　fusing,confusing

fused ,fusing,confused 4.． in general一般,大体上

in the general概括地说

In general ,standards of hygiene are good．

一般说来，卫生情况良好。

[考题4] _____, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.

A. In common　　 B. In total　

C. In general　 D. In particular

5． influence n．& v．

(1) influence on sb./sth.

(3) 作动词,意为影响

I used my influence with the boss t0 get things changed．我借用与老板的交情对事情做了一些改革。

The fact that he is rich and famous and no influence on our decision．他有钱有名气，但这不会影响到我们的决定。

Nobody should drive while they are under the influence of alcohol. 谁也不得酒后开车。

His new girlfriend has been a good influence on him．

他的新女朋友对他有着良好的影响。

Her style of painting has been influenced　 by Japanese art．

她的画风一直受到日本艺术的影响。

拓展：

affect一般指生理／物质上的改变=have an effect on

influence较多用于指感觉／态度上的改变

[考题5](1)Over-heating development might have bad ______ on the national economy．

A．cause　　 B．influence　 C．result　　 D．factor

(2)My parents considered my　 friend to be a bad ______ on me．

A．effort　　 B．influence　　 C．affect　　 D．result

(3)Honestly speaking，it is my teacher’s ______ that mademe finally take up my present career as a biology researcher．

A．advantage　　 B．influence　 C．taste　　 D．guard

6．Bear　 vt. 结(果实)；生育

　 Can older woman bear healthy babies? 较老的妇女能生下健康的婴儿吗?

　 She has borne a son．她生了个儿子。

　 This tree bears no fruit．这棵树不结果。

　 vt．负担；支撑

　 The ice on the lake will not bear your weight．　 这湖上的冰无法承受你的体重。

　 Who will bear the expense? 谁要负担这费用呢?

　 vt. 忍耐；忍受；通常与can ／could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中。

　 I can't bear the pain any more．我痛得再也忍不住了。

　 I couldn't bear the thought of being parted with her.想到要与她分手我就受不了，

　　 此时bear后常接动名词或不定式作宾语。

　 I cannot hear being ignored／to be ignored． 我受不了被人忽视。

　 I can't bear living／to live a lone．一个人独居我受不了。

　 vt．耐得住；经得起；常用物作主语，后接动名词作宾语。

　 That story doesn't bear repeating．那个故事不值得重述。

　 Will the suit bear washing?　 这套西装耐洗吗?

[考题]①--Mum，it is nice weather．I want to skate this afternoon．

　--Don't you think the ice on the lake is too thin to____your weight?

A．stand　　 B．bear　　 C．catch　　 D．take　 [B]

②We must bear in mind that the efforts we have made will surely bear______.

A.results　 B.produces　 C.grain　　 D.fruit　　 [D]

7．approach n.靠近；走近；方法；途径　 vi ＆ vt 走近；靠近；着手(考虑)处理；(因事)找或接近

The approach of winter brings cold weather．

冬天的临近使天气转冷了。

All approaches are blocked．所有的道路都堵塞了。

He approached the problem with caution．他开始认真考虑这个问题。

[考题7] (1)When is the best time to ______ my employer about an increase in salary?　　

A．arrive at　　 B．get to　 C．reach　　 D．approach

[解析]　 本题考查动词和短语词义辨析。A、B、c三项表示具体的“到达……”，D为与﹍接洽或交涉

(2) If you look out of the window on the left of the bus, you’ll see that we’re now 　　　　　the Tower of London.

A. coming　 B. closing　 C. going　　 D. approaching

8．The Group of Eight consists of the eight richest countries in the world.

consist of　 由……组成,相当于be made up of。

表示“构成”的三个词组

consist of 构成；由11组成

make up 构成；组成

be made up of 由11构成

Light consists of waves．光由波构成。　

A car is made up of many different parts．

一辆小轿车由很多不同的部分组成。

Eleven players make up a football team．

一支足球队由11名队员组成。

[考题8] (1)The world is　　　 　seven continents and four oceans．

A．made up of　　 B．made out of

C．made from　　 D．made in　 (全国高考题)

[解析]be made　 from表示“由……制成”，be made in表示“在……生产”，均不合题意。

(2) It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly _____rice and vegetables.

A. consisting of　　 B. made up for

C. made from　　 D. consisting in

9．make(+the)+n.+of词组小结

make the most of充分利用/展现

make the best of

make (full/good)use of 利用

make the worst of(在困难情况下)不肻好好干

He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn．

他想充分利用他的机会来学习。

Do you want to make use of my bicycle?你想用我的自行车吗?

[考题9]Such good use has been　　 his spare time　　　　 his English has improved a 1ot．

A．made of：that　 B．made of；as　　

C．made in；that　 　D．found in；as(2003年成都诊断题)

[解析]分析句子结构在解答本题时占极其重要的作用。句中含词组make good use of及句型such1that。use被提到句首，后面的组成部分不能少了make与of；另外such good use 也放在句首，表示强调。本句是一个结果状语从句，所以不用引导定语从句的such…as [答案] ______

10. as+adj./adv.+as的用法

(1)表示“﹙可数的量﹚多达”时用as many as；表示“﹙不可数的量﹚多达”时，用as much as。　　

As many as 10 or 11 poople were found living in a single room．

多达十到十一人被发现生活在一个单间里。　　

She earned as much as 50 dollars a week．　　

她每周挣的钱达50美元。　　

(2)as far as 表示“和11一样远；远到；据……所知”。

Let’s walk as far as the bus station.

让我们走到车站去吧。　　

As far as I know，7 Chinese were kidnapped.

据我所知，有七名中国人遭到绑架。　　

[考题15]　

(1)一Our holiday cost a 1ot of money．

一Did it?Well，that doesn't matter______you enjoyed yourselves．

A.as well as　 B．as good as

C．as far as　 D．as long as(2002年北京东城区题)

[解析] as good as有本义(和……一样好)与比喻义(几乎；差不多已经)。as long as也是如此；“像……一样长；只要(类似于if)”as Well as除了作连词外，还有本义：“和……一样好”。

(2)John plays football　　 ，if not better than，David．

A．as well　　　　　　　 B．as well as

C．so well　　　 　　　　D．so well as

[解析] 这是个条件状语从句，由此可知空白处表示“和……一样好”，肯定句中用as weU as，否定句中多用so well as。

11．三个“国家”的区别

nation，state和country均可表示“国家”，但是nation指具有某些共同特征的人群、民族居住在一个地区，拥有一个独立的政府的“国家”；state强调政治意义上的“国家”；country强调国土意义上的 国家。

Railways in Britain belong to the State．

在英国，铁路属于国家所有。

Which country's weather is most 1ike China’s?

哪个国家的天气与中国的最相像?

[考题10]India，which is one member of the united　　　　 ，is a developing　　　 with the second largest population in the world·

A．States；state　　　　　 B．Nations；country

C．Countries；nation　 D．Nafions；state

12．含run的词组小结

(1)本单元中的run over作“(车辆)辗压；溢出；匆匆看／复习一遍；预演一遍；简短地说一遍”讲。

He was run over by a car．他被车辗了。

The water ran over the edge of the jar．水溢出坛边了。

The speaker ran over his notes before the 1ecture．

演讲之前，演说者又看了一遍稿子。

(2)含run的词组还有：

run across邂逅　　 run into撞上／进

run away走掉　　　 run out(of)用光

run away from逃避 run through匆忙看

be on the run忙碌 in the long run从长远看

[考题20]　

(1)Be careful when you cross this very busy street．If not，you may　　 run over by a car．(2002年北京高考题)

A．have　 B．get　 C．become　 D．turn

[解析]　 run over在本句中的含义为“被车辗过啊”。从用法上看， 此处应使用被动语态，而只有get done可以构成特殊的被动语态，表示遭遇到不幸等含义。[答案] ______

(2)We are　　 water．We’d better store some．

A．running out　　　　 B．running out of

C．run out　　　　　 D．run out of

[解析]run out表示“用光”，是个不及物动词，后面不能接宾语也不可用于被动语态，所以A、C两项被排除。D项是被动形式，也不接语。[答案]_____

13. 含time的词组小结

at a time一次；每次

at one time一度；曾经(=once)

at the same time与此同时；虽然如此

from time to time时而，不时地

in time及时；迟早、终究

on time准时，按时　

at times有时候(=sometimes)

a11 the time一直

[考题13]　　 ，I 1ost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on working hard；you’llsucceed　　　　 ．”

A．At a time；in time　　 B．At a time；on time

C．At one time；in time　 D．At one time；on time

[解析]本题显然是考查at a time与at one time、in time与ontime的用法及区别。注意从at one time相当于once(one与once很相似)、in time有两重含义(相当于sooner or later)这两个技巧与能力方面入手，即可找出本题答案。[答案]_______

14．“of+修饰词+n.”的用法　　

(1)be of+抽象名词，相当于“be+其同根形容词”，表示“是……的”，该抽象名词前可以加much，great，little，some，no等词修饰。

The book is of great importance(=very important)to you.

(2)be of+普通名词。该普通名词一般没有相应的形容词，所以不存在“be+adj．”的转换形式。　

Coins may be of different sizes，weights，shapes and different metals.硬币可能大小、重量、形状不同，所用金属材料不同。

They were both of middle height． 他们俩都是中等身材。

(3)be of+不定冠词或one等词+名词，表示“同一的”。

The coats are of a colour．这衣服颜色一样。

we are of one opinion．我们意见相同。

The two pairs of shoes are of one size．

=The two pairs of shoes are of the same size．

这两双鞋大小一样。

(4)be of+普通名词或物质名词，表示“由……制成”，“由……组成”。

The wall is of stone．=The wall is made of stone．

这墙是用石头砌成的。

[考题14]①You’ll find this map of great _______ in helping you to get round London.　 (1998 N)

　A. price　 B. cost　 C. value　 D. usefulness

②Most animals have little connection with____　 animals of different kind unless they kill them for food．(2000年全国高考题)

A．the；a　 B．／；a　 C．the；the D．／；the

[解析]　 kind是个可数名词，所以前面加不定冠词a；a differen kind作定语，修饰animals，而此处animals泛指任何动物，所以前面不加冠词。

③--How many parts is the bed _____ wood　　 ?

--Three separate parts．

A．made of；made up of　 B．made from；made up

C．making of；making up 　D．making from；making up of

[解析]　 分析句子结构可知，“--wood'’作定语，修饰bed，表示“由木材制成的”，用the bed made of wood表示；第二空与is构成词组“由……组成”，用be made up of表示。[答案]______

15．表示“据说”的三种句型及拓展

(1)It is said that+主语+谓语部分

(2)People say that+主语+谓语部分

(3)主语+be+said+to+谓语部分

It is said that the population is 3 million．

=People say that the population is 3 million．

=The population is said to be 3 million．据说人口是三百万。

拓展：类似词还有：report，know，believe，hope，suppose，tell．

[考题15] (1)　　　　 at least a score of buildings will be built soon．

A．It hopes　　　　　 B．It is hoped that

C．We are hoped　　　 D．It is wished that

[解析]　 hope只可接单宾语，故排除c项。It is hoped that．．．意为“人们希望……”　 [答案]_____　

(2)　　　 　that he has retumed home for one month．

A．It is said　　 B．It said　　 C．It was said　　 D．It says

[解析]　 It is said that“据说……”。由“has”一词可知本题时态，故不可选C项。答案为______。

16．名词性从句(I)--宾语从句和表语从句

(1)宾语从句中that与what的用法　　 ．

what在宾语从句中，有代替名词的作用，在句中可作主语、宾语或

表语。that只起引导作用，不作任何成分，可省略。

He seems different from what he used to be．

(作表语)他看上去与过去不一样了。

-The fire destroyed what was in the building．

(作主语)大火摧毁了大楼里的东西。　　

(2)宾语从句中复合关系名词whoever，whichever，whatever等有代替名词的作用　　

You may do whatever(anything that)you like．

　(“无论什么”，作宾语)你可以想做什么就做什么。　　

You can choose whichever you 1ike．

(“无论哪一个”；作宾语)你能选择所喜欢的任意一个。　　

(3)表语从句常考点　　

(1)对引导词(连词)的正确选择。表语从句可由that，what,

who(whom)，when，where，how，why，whether等连词引导。　　

The question is whether we can catch the early bus．

问题是我们是否能赶上早班车。　　

(2)含有几个须用虚拟语气作宾语的词(如：suggest，advise，order等)或名词的表语从句中也用(should)do 形式。

My suggestion (advice) is that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.

[考题16](1)Sometimes we are asked__　 the likely result of an action will be．

A．that we think　　　　 B．what we think

C．what do we think　　　 D．that what we think

[解析]　 宾语从句是名词性从句中的考查热点，其中又以测试引导词、语序、主从句的时态占绝大比例。选项中we think为一插入成分，解题时可将其放在一边。句中be动词后缺表语，因此应用what。 [答案]______

(2)Go and get your coat．It’s　　 you left it．

A．there　 　　　B．where　　

C．there where　 D．where there

[解析]　 本题考查引导名词性从句的连接副词的用法。在从句中,there是不能引导句子的，因为there只是副词，不是连接副词。Where引导表语从句并在从句中作状语。[答案] _____

(3)The difficulty we now meet with is　　 we can persuade him to tell the truth．

A．that　　　 B．what　　 C．how　　　　 D．why

[解析]　 句意为“我们现在碰到的问题是如何能够说服他讲实话。”[答案] _____

(4)After five hours’drive，they reached--they thought was the place they'd been drearning of.

A．that　　　 B．where　　 C．which　　 D．what

[解析]　 句中they thought是插入语成分，所以引导词引导宾语从句且作主语，只有what符合题意。[答案]______

Exercises

Ⅰ warming up

1.Roller skating，now easy and fun，changed because of a man______Joseph Merlin.

A.naming　　 B.named　 C.named in　 D.with name

2.The newly-discovered star was named______a Chinese astronomer______honour of his contributions to astronomy.

A.for；in　 B.after；for　 C.as；in　 D.after；in

3．These wild flowers are so special that I would do________I can to save them.

A.as many as　 B.that C.as much as D.whichever

4．Some airline companies are now doing everything they_______bring forward cost saving ticktless flight---no paper needed，just a ticket number and a photo ID.

　　　 to　 C.could　 D.are able to

5．______catching the sight of policeman,she can’t help shaking with fear because of that terrible experience.

A.On　　 B.By　　　 C.At　 　　D.For

6．The strange interest that he likes to keep his birdcage______in the daytime has cost him the loss of several rare birds.

A.opened　 B.opening C.open　 D.being opened

7．The agreement the two countries have ______is highly praised by the international society.

A.taken　 B.came to　 C.arrived　 D.reached

8．The_______situation of the chess game really _______every member in the game-watching room.

fused；confused　　fusing；confused

fusing；fused；confeses

9．The oopening province which ______ thirteen countries and three coastal citries will quicken its paces of economic development.

sists of　 B.makes up　

C.is included 　D.is contained

10．His bad health is a great _______ for him to get a good paid job.

A.advantage 　B.error　 C.disadvantage 　D.fault

Ⅱ.Reading

1.To ensure the safty at home ,parents should not put the medicine _______ the reach of their children.

A.out of　 B.away from C.within　　 D.up from

2.Having seized the historical developing opportunity，we Chinese people are _____ all the advantages we have，heading for the goal.

A.trying out best of　　 B.going all out of

C.sparing no effort　　 D.making the best of

3.WhaleⅡ，anchoring ______ one of the biggest islands in the Paciffic Ocean，is by the largest passenger ship in the world.

A.on　 B.around　　 C.away　　 D.off

4．With the vacation _______ ，the pleasant sunbaths we took on the beach in Qingdao last year attracted me from time to time.

A.drawing near B.drawen near　 C.came up D.went up

5．______ 200 people were killed and 1400 more injured in the terrible bombing of Madrid，capital city of Spain.

A.As much as　 B.As many as　

C.As long as　 D.As far as

6．She throught I was praising her son，________ as a matter of fact，I was scolding him for his bad behaviors at school.

A.while 　B.therefore　 C.which　　 D.so that

7．Over-heating development might have bad _______ on the national economy.

A.cause　 B.influence　 C.result　 D.factor

8．The bee，_______ in her hair a long time,gave her a goog biting as she tried to get away.

A.sitting　 B.seated 　C.stood　 D.settling

9．When Karl Marx was forced to leave his native country and came to England，he then made Londen the ______ for his revolutionary work.

A.basic　 B.homeland 　C.base　 D. foundation

10．The meeting was of great ______ ,and the information he gave us was _______ .

A.important/important　 B. important/importance　

C. importance/importance 　D. importance/important

11．Almost half China was ______ by the Japanese soldiers from the year 1937 to 1945.

A.run over　 B.taken over

C.pulled over　 D.pushed over

12．The man whom I think to be a black sheep in our village will _____ the imprisonment.

A.end up with　　 B.be ended up with　

C.end up in　　　 D.be ended up in

13．With more and more trees cut down，the inhabitants in the rainforest，90% of ________ depend on insects，grass，meat or each other as their food ,will die out one day.

A.who　　 B.them　 C.which　 D.whom

14．I’m considering ________ a Bluebird，for these days the prices of cars are going down.

A.to buy　 B.buying　 C.to sell　　 D.selling

15．_______ only by one’s appearance，I’msure，I will have you get just half of him or less.

A.Judging　 B.Judged　 C.To be Judged　 D.Judge

16. The brave lady , who suffered a lot from her liver cancer,________ the pain with great courage, even in front of his husband.

A.stood　　 B.bore　 C.prevented　 D.stopped

17．We must bear in mind that the efforts we have made will surely bear______.

A.results　 B.produces　 C.grain　　 D.fruit

Ⅲ.Grammar

2000 ~ 2005 年高考题汇编　 名 词 性 从 句

21.The city of Salisbury has two important kinds of produce and trade, which employ the poor of a great part of the country round --- namely, making cloth and sheet, called Salisbury Whites.

索尔兹伯里城有两大产品和行业，即织布，织床单，称为索尔兹伯里白布，雇用了周边大部分的穷人。

20.Sheep can be seen everywhere and the great number of them is really wonderful.

羊群遍地可见，数量之大，真是令人惊叹。

19.They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.

他们认识到，把这些语言记录下来并传给后代，是很有价值的事。

18.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.

它们大多数属于濒危语言，有可能消失，这对英国来说是个严重的问题。

17.It was not until 250 years later that they formed a single state.

　 直到250年后，他们才成立一个单独的国家。

16.The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.

法语的影响导致英语里存在大量的法语单词，比如：table, animal 和age.

15.In 1066 England was conquered by the French.

1066年，苏格兰被法国人征服。

14.In the summer months the difference in temperature between London and the north can be as much as four to thirteen degrees.

夏天伦敦和北方的温差可达4－13度。

13.In general, Scotland is colder throughout the year and receive more rain.

一般来说，苏格兰一般全年较冷，雨水更多。