15. It is the /one’s custom to do sth. 某人习惯做某事　 16. It looks as if / though 看起来好像…

13. look forward to (doing) sth. 期望、盼望(做)某事　　 14. have fun (with…)玩得开心

11. award v. 授予、颁发　 n. 奖品/奖状/奖金　　 12. admire sb. for sth 因…羡慕某人

9. play a trick (on sb)捉弄某人　 10. decorate … with … (decoration n.)　 用…装饰

6. lead … back to earth 使…回生　 7. in the shape of 以…形状　 8. dress up 化装打扮

1.　 celebrate v. celebration n. 庆祝　　 2. starve v. starvation n. 挨饿，饿死　 3. a year/ years /days … of plenty 富裕的年月/日子　 4. honour v. 致敬　 n. 荣誉，敬意　 5. in memory of / in honour of 为纪念…

5、今年生产的照相机与去年相比增加了30%。(increase)

必修3　 Unit 1

FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS

Ancient Festivals

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.

Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in the shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children's festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick.

Festivals to Honour People

Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India's independence from Britain.

Harvest Festivals

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter, and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruit and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gifts of mooncakes.

Spring Festivals

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.

People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.

4、他五年前来纽约，从那以后就生活在这儿。(ever since)

3、一方面他输了比赛，另一方面，他没有失去信心。(on the other hand)

2、她这么激动以至于很难控制自己的感情。(have control over)