2. Today Lei Feng is still remembered and ________(钦佩) as a good soldier.

Unit 11 　　

A 卷

　　 I．词语练习 5%

1. The USA is one of the ________(西方) countries.

3.表示使役leave + O(主语)+ C(补语)

　　　　　 She left the little boy standing outside.她让这小男孩站在外边。

　　　　　 Who left the door open? 谁敲的门？

　　　　　 We don’t leave the job half done.我们不能把工作干半截。

　另外 leave 还有名词性。如 　ask for leave　 请假。 　

2.留下，落 Leave sb/sth. in s.w　 把……留在(落在)某地方

　　　　 I left my umbrella in the classroom. 我把雨伞落在教室了。

　　　　 The little girl was left at home alone.这小女孩被单独留在家里。

　 　leave　 leave作为常用词通常有三个意思：

1.离开 Leave s.w for another s.w 离开某地去另外一个地方.

　　　　 She left her hometown for Beijing.她离开故乡去北京。

4.连接代词(或连接副词)+动词不定式

　　 动词不定式前有时加上连接代词what, which或连接副词when, where, why, how等，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成份。

When to start has not been decided.

I did not know what to do.

　　 He gave me some advice on how to learn.

3. 动词不定式的复合结构

“for+名词(或代词的宾格)+动词不定式”构成动词不定式的复合结构，这里的名词

(或代词的宾格)用来说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，也就是不定式逻辑上的主语。这种不定式复合结构在句子里可作各种成份：

　　 It^’s common for leaves to fall from the trees in autumn.

　　 树叶在秋季从树上落下来，这是很平常的。(主语)

　　 It^’s for you to decide. 这得由你决定。(表语)

　　 Can you arrange for a car to take us there?

　　 你能安排一辆车送我们到那里去吗？(宾语)

　　 There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome.

　　 有许多困难等待我们去克服。(定语)

　　 He put the paper on the desk for you to read.

　　 他把报纸放在桌子上让你看。(状语)

　　 注意：it is +表示人的性质特征的形容词+不定式复合结构的句型中，不定式的逻辑主语由介词of 引导。这时形容词即可修饰不定式，也可修饰逻辑主语。例如：It is very kind of you to come to see us. (你来看我们真好)。此句也可写成 You are kind to come to see us.

2．动词不定式不带to的情况。

　　 ①在动词make, have, let ,hear, listen to, feel, see, watch, look at, notice, observe,等后面作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带to。如：

　　 I feel my heart beat fast.

　　 Nobody saw him come in.

　　 Look at the horse run.

　　 当这些动词在被动句中作谓语时，后面的动词不定式就必须带to。

　　 如：They were heard to sing a song.

He was made to work from morning till night.

在动词help后面按带to 与不带to 的含义有所不同。

His advice will help you to improve your English.

他的忠告有助于你提高英语水平。(advice 不参与到improve的活动中)。

His book will help you improve your English.

他的书有助于你提高英语水平。(book 参与到improve 的活动中)。

　　 ②在某些固定词组：　

　 had rather 宁可，had better 最好，had best 最好，would rather… than…宁愿…而不愿

would sooner…than…宁愿…而不愿，may(might)as well 还是…的好，等结构都需要接不带to的不定式。如：

　 Hadn^’t you better take an umbrella?

　 I^’d rather (sooner)stop now.

　 I^’d best leave now, or I^’ll be late.

　　 ③在介词but, except, besides, than, save等前若有实义动词do时，常用无to的不定式作其介词的宾语：例如：

　　 What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳，你还爱好什么？

　　 He did nothing else than laugh.　 他只是笑笑而已。

　　 ④表示“只好”的but之后也需接不带to的不定式。它们是：cannot but, cannot help but, could not but, could not help but, cannot choose but,等。

　　 We could not but weep at our bad luck. 对于我们的厄运我们只有哭了。

　　 It^’s raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.

　　 天在下大雨，我只好留在家里。

　　 ⑤know的现在完成体的否定式，后面一般接不带to的不定式。如：

　 I have never known him come late. 我从来不知道他迟到过。

　　 ⑥并列连词连接不定式时，第一个不定式带to.第二个不定式to 可以省掉。

　 I haven’t decided whether to go or stay longer.

1. 动词不定式的语法作用

动词不定式具有副词、形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成份。

　　 1)作主语：不定式做主语强行为动作。

To live is to work.

To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长了人的生命，

动词不定式作主语时，可以用形式主语it代替。而把动词不定式放在后面。如：

It is best to do so.

It would be best to tell him the truth.

　　 2)作表语：不定式做表语有两层意思：

　　 ①表示将来的行为或很长一时间的任务.

　　 ②表示一次性、暂时的、特定时间下的行为.

His new job is to teach English.(将来的行为)

The main thing is to keep our machine from rust.

主要的事情是使我们的机器不生锈。(长期要做的事情)

My job today is to look after my grandson at home.

我今天的活是在家照看孙子。(一次性，暂时的动作)。

　　 3)作宾语

I learn to speak Japanese.

They decided to begin the experiment at once.

　　 注意：不定式通不能直接作介词宾语，介词之后的不定式要采用wh-word+to do 形式。

　　 例如：

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

但有两个结构例外。如

be about to do sth.(正要做某事)

nothing but (to ) do sth.只能做某事。

　　 4)作宾语补足语

I like you to do it this way.

Please ask John to turn on the light.

在被动语态的句子中即成为主语补足语。如：

We are advised to wait.

They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.

　　 5)作定语

动词不定式作定语时，不定式须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。

　　 He said he had an important meeting to attend.

　　 The fisherman had nothing to take home that morning.

　　 注意：用作定语的不定式或它修饰的词在语言逻辑上通常是动宾关系。如果不定式是不及物动词。不定式结构后面就应有必要的介词。如：

　　 Give me a piece of paper to write on. (=Give me a piece of paper on which I can write.)

　　 He is looking for a room to live in. (=He is looking for a room in which he can live.)

　　 另外有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：

　　 Before liberation he had no chance to go to school.

　　 Dr Bethune had no time to think about rest.

　　 Is that the best way to solve the problem?

　　 She was the first (person) to think of the idea.

　　 注意：不定式作定语很少修饰人，但在表人的名词前有序数词(first , last , next ), the very , the right, the only 时，不定式可以修饰表人的名词，该句是这样。

　　 6)作状语不定式通常可以做目的状语，原因状语、程度、结果状语。

　 He sat down to have a rest. 他坐下来休息。(表示目的)

　 They went there to visit their teacher.

　 他们去那里拜访老师。(表示目的)

　 He woke up only to find everybody gone.

　 他醒来发现大家都走了。(表示结果)

　 My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.

　 我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。(表示结果)

　 在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、哀、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：

　 I^’m very glad to see you.

　 I^’m so sorry to hear your mother is ill.

　 在带有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。

　 如：He was too excited to say a few words.

　 He is old enough to go to school.

　 She is too tired to do the job.

　　 注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to 或so as to +动词原形。

　　 so as to 不用于句首。

　　 He got up early in order to catch the first bus.

　　 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.

20．Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.

　 夏洛克必须答应在他死后把这笔财产留给他的女儿和女婿。

　 leave sth. to sb. 在这儿的意思是 “遗赠某物给某人”. 例如:

　 He left a number of books to me.

　 他遗赠给我很多书.

　 She left all her money to the government.

　 她把所有的钱遗赠给了政府.

　 另外:leave sth to sb. 还可表示把某事交给某人办理或管理.例如:

　 I’ll leave it to you to buy the tickets.

　 我把买票的事交给你办.

　　 三 口语操练 　　Expressions for having dinner

　　 [常用句型]

Waiter / Waitress　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Customer:

May I take your order now?　　　　　　　　　　　 I’d like to have a plate of fish.

Fish id special today.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Eggs and milk, please.

Would you like to taste…?　　　　　　　　　　　　 Certainly, it is delicious.

How do you like the dish?　　　　　　　　　　　　 I enjoy the dinner very much.

　 [示范引证]　　　　　　 　Dialogue

　　 A: Excuse me, could I have the bill, please?

　　 B: That’s $ 10.50 for the food, sir.

　　 A: Here is the money.

　　 B: You have to pay 15 percent more for the tip. Altogether it is $ 12.08.

　　 A: Here you are.

　　 B: Thanks. Please come again. Good-bye.

　　 四 语法精讲 动词不定式 The Infinitive