49．“…nor does giving people breakfast improve performance”(in Line 13)means　　　　 .

　 　　 A．anyone without breakfast does improve his performance.

　　　 B．not giving people breakfast improves performance.

　　　 C．having breakfast does not improve performance, either.

　　　 D．people having breakfast do improve their performances, too.

48．For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that　　 .

　　　 A．several studies have been done in the past few years.

　　　 B．the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health.

　　　 C．adults have especially made studies in this field.

　　　 D．eating little in the morning is good for health.

47. The judge’s remark implied that York would be more severely punished if he _________.

　　　　 A. pretended to be a psychiatrist　　　 B. tried to get away from prison

　　　　 C. was proud of what he had done　　　 D. studied the behaviour of the psychiatrist

D

Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life’s essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.

But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent-from 8.8 million to 11.7 million-according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.

For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance,” said Arnold E.Bender, former professor of nutrition(营养)at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”

Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr. Ernesto Pollitt at the University of Texas, “is poor.”

46. Why was Laura Kennan in hospital?

　　　　 A. She had swallowed something and almost died.

　　　　 B. She had to have and emergency operation.

　　　　 C. She had been injured in a road accident.

　　　　 D. She had lost consciousness while driving.

45. York learned how to behave like a doctor by __________.

　　　　 A. watching other doctors work　　　　　 B. talking to doctors and nurses

　　　　 C. getting some training and experience　　 D. observing doctors while he was a patient

44. York was proud of the fact that ___________.

　　　 A. a surgeon let him watch an operation.

　　　 B. he could perform some duties of a doctor

　　　 C. he had cheated doctors for so long

　　　 D. people thought he could become a real doctor

43. Short stature may be caused by 　　　　　　.

　　　 A．high blood pressure　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．heart disease

　　　 C．some illnesses　　　　　 D．less childhood nutrition

C

For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people’s lives. He had even been allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a

patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed.

　　 “I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(听诊器)and walked around one of the biggest hospital in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and others doctors, it’s easy to take people in,” he said.

　　 One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her.

　　 “He looked very professional. He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of injection,” she said. And then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was. She didn’t think there was anything wrong. “I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadn’t showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my cars.”

　　 Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was. “ shocked and horrified” that he got away with his deceiving for so long. And then sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders.　 “I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behaviour of the psychiatrists(精神科医生)who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.” Judge Adams warned York.

42. Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?

　　　 A．Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.

　　　 B．Women were more likely to die at a young age.

　　　 C．Women with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.

　　　 D．People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.

41. “An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means 　　　　.

　　　 A．a study　　　　　　　　 B．a risk　　　　　　　　　 C．a marker　　　　　　 D．an age

40. The title of the passage should be 　　　　.

　　　 A．Short people and their taller peers　　　　 B．Short stature and short life

　　　 C．Men and women 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．Long life and short life