4. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时

　I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.

　 现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在,而且目前还在进行。

　 这里需要注意两点：

　1)有少数动词(如：work, study, live, teach等)用现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意思是无大的区别的， 如：

　 * They have lived / have been living here all their lives.

　 * She has worked / has been working here for eight years.

　 在强调动作延续时间的长久时，用现在完成进行时更多些, 如：

2)大多数动词现在完成时强调动作的结果；现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，

　 * I’ve been writing an article. (还在写)

　 * I’ve written an article. (已完成)

练习：

6. B 注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten　 是指现在的情况.

5. D 为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知.

4. C　 全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).

3. D　 didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.

2. C 说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.

1. B 前者强调的是 I can’t find it anywhere (now), 因此用现在完成时;后者强调的是I put it right here(just now).

6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.

A. spoke; had forgotten　　　　　 B. spoke; have forgotten

　 C. had spoken; had forgotten　　　 C. had spoken; have forgotten

Key:

5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.

　 A. finds　　 B. has found　　 C. was found　　 D. has been found

4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.

　 A. finished; were　　　 B. have finished; are　　

C. have finished; were　 D. had finished; were