4.时态呼应

时态呼应主要用于宾语从句中，既：1)当主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可以用任何所需时态。2)当主句是过去时态时，从句必须用过去的某种时态。

例：He says that he will go to Wuhan(he went to Wuhan last week)

He told me that he had been to America.

3. 1) 过去的两个动作如果一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，那么发生前的就用过去　 完成时， 即“过去的过去”。

When he reached the shop, It had already closed.

2) had + hoped(expected, supposed, meant, thought, wanted)表示未实现的希望、计划、想法等。

例：I had hoped to passed the exam, but I was not well that day.

I had thought that he had died three years before.

3) 在No sooner…than, hardly(scarcely/barely)..when …句式中， 前面用过去完成时。意为“刚……就……” “……就……”

Hardly had they been seated when the bus started.

No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.

2.　　 Oil will float on water.

2)be going to + do　 表示近期的计划的计划、打算、安排或根据现有的各种因素判断很快发生的事情

例：We are going to visit a chemistry plant next week.

　　 It’s going to rain, for it’s getting dark.

3)be to do 表示预先的计划或说话人的意志(命令，劝告)

例：He is to stay here till I return.(He must stay)

　　 He is working hard at his lessons and he is going to take an examination next week.

4)be about to do表示很近的将来，“就要”， “即将”，“快要”的意思。

例：Hurry up, the play is about to start now.

　　 The plane is about to take off.

5)be + comimg (leaving, reaching, returning, starting, dying, arriving, setting out)表示即将发生的动作， 常与表示未来的时间副词连用。

　　 例：All aboard please, the train is leaving.

His father is arriving tonight.

6)一般现在时态代替将来时态(1)表示按规定或预计将要发生的事情 。(2) 用于

间、条件等状语从句中。

例：The plane takes off at eight in the morning.

　　 It is Sunday tomorrow

　　 We leave Beijing at 8 a.m and arrive at 7 p.m

　　 If I see him tomorrow, I will tell him that good news.

1.　　 Crops will die without water.

2．将来时态的表达形式

1)will/shall(只用于第一人称) + do　　 单纯的将来

例：They will fly to Beijing.

I shall go to Shanghai before you come back.

　　　　 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。

3. 瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与for + 一段时间 或since + 时间连用。

　　　 常见瞬间动词有：arrive, reach, start, begin, leave, close, open, finish, join,

　 buy, die, find, see, 　go,　 但可以与否定式连用

例：He has joined the army for three years.　 误

　　 He joined the army three years ago.　　　 正

　　 He hasn’t returned home for 3 years.

3)　　 完成进行时态与进行时态的区别

　　 完成进行时态表示动作从过去一直持续到现在；而进行时时态只指目前正在发生的动作。

例：He has been reading that magazine since last night.

He is reading a magazine.

4)　 在状语从句中代替将来时态。

例：Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.

We will start at eight if it has stopped rained by then.

2.　　 先行词是形容词的最高级或者被最高级修饰时，定语从句常用完成时态。

This Is the best film that I have ever seen.

1. 表示第几次去(到)某地，在　 句式中， 后面常用现在完成时。

This is the first time I have come to America.

1. 完成时态用法要点

1)现在完成时态与过去时态的区别

　　 现在完成时态说明过去到现在为止已发生的动作或已有的经验，并对现在有影响。过去时态表示曾发生过事情。

例：How long did you live in Shanghai ? (现在不在上海)

How long have you lived in Shanghai ? (现在仍在上海)

--Where have you put my book ? I can’t find it.

--I put it right here.

2)完成时态常见句型

A. It has been(is) + 时间 + since + 一般过去时态

B. have done + since (for )

C. had done + before/when +　 一般过去时态

D. had done + by the end of /up to/ till + 过去时间

E．will have done + by the end of + 现在时间

例：A. It is (has been ) five years since I moved here.

　　 B. We haven’t seen each other since we met last month( for years).

C. He had learned 2000 English words before he went to America.

D. We had put up five power stations here by the end of last year.

E. We will have learned ten texts by the end of this term.

注意：

16.-Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.

-Oh, how nice of you!I______　you_______　to bring me a gift.

hink; are going　 　　　　　　　　　hought; were going

C.didn’t think; were going 　　　　　　　　 D.hadn‘t thought; were going

17The volleyball match will be put off if it ______. A. will rain　　　 B. rains　　　　　 C. rained　　　　　　 　　　 D. is raining 18 Mary_____a dress when she cut her finger. A. made　　　　　　　　 B. is making　 C. was making　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. makes 19These oranges taste ______. A. good　　　　　　　　 B. well　　　 C. to be good　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. to be well

20-Have you moved into the new house? 　-Not yet. The rooms____ 　. A. are being painting　　 B.are painting C.are painted　　　 　　　　 D. are being painted