题目列表(包括答案和解析)
1.作动词的宾语
①不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。
Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。
He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他宁愿饿死也不愿乞讨。
I never thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。
必背:
可接不定式作宾语的动词有
afford负担得起
agree 同意
aim以……为目标
ask 要求
attempt 尝试
begin 开始
care喜爱
choose决定
continue 继续
decide 决定
desire 要求
determine决心
expect 期待
fail不能
forget 忘记
hate不愿
hope 希望
ntend 打算
manage设法
mean 打算
offer表示愿意
plan 计划
prefer 宁愿
pretend 假装
promise 答应
refuse 拒绝
remember记起
try努力
want 想要
wish希望
②在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后,如果宾语带有宾语补足语时,人们常常用it作形式宾语,而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。
She made it a rule to get up at five. 她养成了五点起床的习惯。
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。
③在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等)的过去式后,可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。
I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想来拜访你的,但没来成。
I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。(但没做到)
We meant to have stayed there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。
I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so. 我原想写一封信给她,但忘记了。
提示:
表示“原打算、原以为”还可以用这类动词的过去完成时来表达。
I had intended to call on you. 我原想来拜访你的。
I had expected to meet him here last night. 我原以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他的。
We had meant to stay there a week. 我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。
2.用it作形式主语
在很多情况下,人们通常用it作为形式上的主语,而把不定式移到谓语之后,使句子结构显得平稳一些。
It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师,拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort. 想不下苦功就能学会外语是不可能的。
It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time. 浪费了这么多时间,真是遗憾。
注意:
当主语和表语都是不定式时,不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。
To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。
To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 做奴隶就等于放弃自由。
B. 动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。
His wish is to become an astronaut. 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
What he hoped was to be admitted into the university. 他希望能被大学录取。
To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。
注意:
有些作表语的不定式,在结构上是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的。
She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。
The house is to let. 此房出租。
The result is not long to see.
结果不久就会看到。
C. 动词不定式作宾语
不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语,也可以充当but和except等介词的宾语以及形容词的宾语。
动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外,几乎能担任句子中所有的句子成分。
A.动词不定式作主语
不定式具有名词的特征,可在句子中充当主语。
1.不定式短语在句首作主语
To know oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。
To say is one thing and to do is another.
说是一回事,做又是另一回事。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。
2.完成式 to have been done
The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
He appeared to have been questioned for many times. 看起来他已经被询问过很多次了。
F. 不定式的否定形式
不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。
We decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好,我们决定不出去。
Never to have made any mistake is impossible. 从不犯错是不可能的。
注意:谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义
I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。
I promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。
动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。
A. 不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。(同时发生)
To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)
B.不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
C. 不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night,
but I didn't feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的,但是我感觉身体不舒服。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说,被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。
D. 不定式的完成进行式
不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。
He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。
I'm sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉,我一直打扰你。
比较:
不定式的时态意义。
He is said to be studying abroad. 据说他正在国外读书。(不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行)
He is said to have studied abroad. 据说他在国外学习过。(不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束)
E. 不定式的被动形式
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系,有一般式和完成时两种。
1.一般式 to be done
These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。
He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。
动词不定式(一)
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质,它可以有自己的宾语和状语,从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有形式的变化,即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。同时,动词不定式也具有非动词的性质,相当于一个名词、形容词或副词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是中学生王平。最近你注意到:为保护环境,国家规定从六月一日起各商场停止向顾客免费提供塑料袋。现请你给某英文报刊写信,陈述下列现象并谈谈你的看法。
1.多数大商场已执行这个规定。
2.但有些大商场把这个规定当成了赚钱的机会。
3.部分集市和小商场仍在向顾客免费提供塑料袋。
注意:1.字数100左右。
2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好,并不计入总字数。
3.参考词汇:集市 market-place(n.) 规定 regulation(n.)
Dear editor,
I am Wang Ping, a middle school student.
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:
此行多一个词:把多作的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词:在错的词下画一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意:原文没有错的不要改。
The British police have several nicknames, so the 76.
most frequent used are “copper” and “robby”, The first name 77.
comes from the verb “cop” means “to take” or “capture”, and 78.
the second comes from the first name of Sir Robert Peel, the 79.
19th century politician, he was the founder of the police force. 80.
An early nickname with the police was “peeler”, and this name 81.
died out. The visitors to Britain seem, nearly always, to be very 82.
impressing by the British police. In fact, it has become a joke 83.
that the visitor to Britain, when asked for their views of the 84.
country, will always say, “We all think that your policemen are 85.
Wonderful.”
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