49. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.

A. it overstresses the role of the creative mind

B. it takes too much time to edit afterwards

C. it may bring about too much criticism

D. it does not help them to think clearly

48. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?

A. To organize one’s thoughts logically.

B. To choose an appropriate topic.

C. To get one’s ideas down.

D. To collect raw materials.

47. What prevents people from writing on is ________.

A. putting their ideas in raw form

B. attempting to edit as they write

C. ignoring grammatical soundness

D. trying to capture fleeting thoughts

46. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.

A. no one can be both creative and critical

B. they cannot be regarded as equally important

C. they are in constant conflict with each other

D. one cannot use them at the same time

45. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ______.

　A. guard against being cheated by the house agent

　B. have a good knowledge of the potential risk involved.

　C. take the quality of the house into consideration

　D. examine the house carefully before making a decision

B

I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.

Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.

The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and　 the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

44. It is not practical to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ______.

　A. it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas

　B. the government is too slow in taking action

　C. they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents

　D. house agents along the coast do not support the idea

43. The experts' study on the problem of erosion can ______.

　A. lead to its eventual solution

　B. provide an effective way to slow it down

　C. help to prevent it from worsening

　D. warn people whose homes are in danger

42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. There seems to be no end to the danger of erosion.

　　 B. Lower housing price has encouraged people to settle down there.

　　 C. Erosion has been a threat to people living on the south coast until recently.

　　 D. government fell reluctant to take defense measures against erosion.

41. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?

　A. The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.

　B. The experts' lack of knowledge.

　C. The washing-away of limestone cliffs.

　D. 　The rising of the sea level