题目列表(包括答案和解析)
8、(2007鄂尔多斯)我们给出如下定义:若一个四边形中存在相邻两边的平方和等于一条对角线的平方,则称这个四边形为勾股四边形,这两条相邻的边称为这个四边形的勾股边.
(1)写出你所学过的特殊四边形中是勾股四边形的两种图形的名称_________,________;
(2)如图16(1),已知格点(小正方形的顶点),,,请你画出以格点为顶点,为勾股边且对角线相等的勾股四边形;
(3)如图16(2),将绕顶点按顺时针方向旋转,得到,连结,.
求证:,即四边形是勾股四边形.
解:
(1)正方形、长方形、直角梯形.(任选两个均可)················ 2分(填正确一个得1分)
(2)答案如图所示.或.(没有写出不扣分)
····································································· 2分(根据图形给分,一个图形正确得1分)
(3)证明:连结
····································································································· 5分
,······························································································ 6分
,······························································· 7分
·············································· 8分
,即四边形是勾股四边形················································· 9分
7、(2007江苏无锡)图1是由若干个小圆圈堆成的一个形如正三角形的图案,最上面一层有一个圆圈,以下各层均比上一层多一个圆圈,一共堆了层.将图1倒置后与原图1拼成图2的形状,这样我们可以算出图1中所有圆圈的个数为.
图1 图2 图3 图4
如果图1中的圆圈共有12层,(1)我们自上往下,在每个圆圈中都按图3的方式填上一串连续的正整数,则最底层最左边这个圆圈中的数是 ;(2)我们自上往下,在每个圆圈中都按图4的方式填上一串连续的整数,,,,求图4中所有圆圈中各数的绝对值之和.
解:(1)67.·············································································································· 2分
(2)图4中所有圆圈中共有个数,
其中23个负数,1个0,54个正数,············································································· 4分
图4中所有圆圈中各数的绝对值之和
.······························· 6分
4、(2007江苏连云港)如图1,点将线段分成两部分,如果,那么称点为线段的黄金分割点.
某研究小组在进行课题学习时,由黄金分割点联想到“黄金分割线”,类似地给出“黄金分割线”的定义:直线将一个面积为的图形分成两部分,这两部分的面积分别为,,如果,那么称直线为该图形的黄金分割线.
(1)研究小组猜想:在中,若点为边上的黄金分割点(如图2),则直线是的黄金分割线.你认为对吗?为什么?
(2)请你说明:三角形的中线是否也是该三角形的黄金分割线?
(3)研究小组在进一步探究中发现:过点任作一条直线交于点,再过点作直线,交于点,连接(如图3),则直线也是的黄金分割线.
请你说明理由.
(4)如图4,点是的边的黄金分割点,过点作,交于点,显然直线是的黄金分割线.请你画一条的黄金分割线,使它不经过各边黄金分割点.
解:(1)直线是的黄金分割线.理由如下:
设的边上的高为.
,,,
所以,,.······················································ 2分
又因为点为边的黄金分割点,所以有.因此.
所以,直线是的黄金分割线.·················································· 4分
(2)因为三角形的中线将三角形分成面积相等的两部分,此时,即
,所以三角形的中线不可能是该三角形的黄金分割线.··············· 6分
(3)因为,所以和的公共边上的高也相等,
所以有.·········································································· 7分
设直线与交于点.所以.
所以
,.
又因为,所以.······························ 9分
因此,直线也是的黄金分割线.·········································· 10分
(4)画法不惟一,现提供两种画法;····················································· 12分
画法一:如答图1,取的中点,再过点作一条直线分别交,于,点,则直线就是的黄金分割线.
画法二:如答图2,在上取一点,连接,再过点作交于点,连接,则直线就是的黄金分割线.
3、(2007广东梅州)将4个数排成2行、2列,两边各加一条竖直线记成,定义,上述记号就叫做2阶行列式.若,则__________.
答:
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