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8、(2007鄂尔多斯)我们给出如下定义:若一个四边形中存在相邻两边的平方和等于一条对角线的平方,则称这个四边形为勾股四边形,这两条相邻的边称为这个四边形的勾股边.

(1)写出你所学过的特殊四边形中是勾股四边形的两种图形的名称_________,________;

(2)如图16(1),已知格点(小正方形的顶点),请你画出以格点为顶点,为勾股边且对角线相等的勾股四边形

 

(3)如图16(2),将绕顶点按顺时针方向旋转,得到,连结

求证:,即四边形是勾股四边形.

解:

(1)正方形、长方形、直角梯形.(任选两个均可)················ 2分(填正确一个得1分)

(2)答案如图所示..(没有写出不扣分)

 ····································································· 2分(根据图形给分,一个图形正确得1分)

 

(3)证明:连结

····································································································· 5分

······························································································ 6分

 ······························································· 7分

  ·············································· 8分

,即四边形是勾股四边形················································· 9分

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7、(2007江苏无锡)图1是由若干个小圆圈堆成的一个形如正三角形的图案,最上面一层有一个圆圈,以下各层均比上一层多一个圆圈,一共堆了层.将图1倒置后与原图1拼成图2的形状,这样我们可以算出图1中所有圆圈的个数为

    图1    图2     图3    图4

如果图1中的圆圈共有12层,(1)我们自上往下,在每个圆圈中都按图3的方式填上一串连续的正整数,则最底层最左边这个圆圈中的数是   ;(2)我们自上往下,在每个圆圈中都按图4的方式填上一串连续的整数,求图4中所有圆圈中各数的绝对值之和.

解:(1)67.·············································································································· 2分

(2)图4中所有圆圈中共有个数,

其中23个负数,1个0,54个正数,············································································· 4分

图4中所有圆圈中各数的绝对值之和

.······························· 6分

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4、(2007江苏连云港)如图1,点将线段分成部分,如果,那么称点为线段的黄金分割点.

某研究小组在进行课题学习时,由黄金分割点联想到“黄金分割线”,类似地给出“黄金分割线”的定义:直线将一个面积为的图形分成两部分,这两部分的面积分别为,如果,那么称直线为该图形的黄金分割线.

(1)研究小组猜想:在中,若点边上的黄金分割点(如图2),则直线的黄金分割线.你认为对吗?为什么?

(2)请你说明:三角形的中线是否也是该三角形的黄金分割线?

(3)研究小组在进一步探究中发现:过点任作一条直线交于点,再过点作直线,交于点,连接(如图3),则直线也是的黄金分割线.

请你说明理由.

(4)如图4,点的边的黄金分割点,过点,交于点,显然直线的黄金分割线.请你画一条的黄金分割线,使它不经过各边黄金分割点.

解:(1)直线的黄金分割线.理由如下:

  设的边上的高为

  

  所以,.······················································ 2分

  又因为点为边的黄金分割点,所以有.因此

  所以,直线的黄金分割线.·················································· 4分

  (2)因为三角形的中线将三角形分成面积相等的两部分,此时,即

,所以三角形的中线不可能是该三角形的黄金分割线.··············· 6分

(3)因为,所以的公共边上的高也相等,

所以有.·········································································· 7分

 设直线交于点.所以

 所以

 

 又因为,所以.······························ 9分

 因此,直线也是的黄金分割线.·········································· 10分

 (4)画法不惟一,现提供两种画法;····················································· 12分

 画法一:如答图1,取的中点,再过点作一条直线分别交点,则直线就是的黄金分割线.

 画法二:如答图2,在上取一点,连接,再过点于点,连接,则直线就是的黄金分割线.

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3、(2007广东梅州)将4个数排成2行、2列,两边各加一条竖直线记成,定义,上述记号就叫做2阶行列式.若,则__________.

答:

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