题目列表(包括答案和解析)
When the Farnsworth family moved to their new farm in 1919, eleven-year-old Philo was surprised to find it wired for electricity. This unusual circumstance contributed to his fate — to become an important inventor of the twentieth century.
By thirteen, Farnsworth had become a self-taught electrical engineer. He was able to fix the farm’s generator（发电机）when none of the adults could. In 1922, he read an article about a new idea of John Baird, a Scottish scientist, who had been working with the cathode ray tube (阴极射线管) for the transmission of electronic pictures and wanted to attempt it himself.
Farnsworth studied everything he could find on the subject. Although many older engineers with money backers were already developing television, Farnsworth made a bold decision — he was going to perfect a working model of it before anybody else.
In college, Farnsworth continued his research with cathode ray and vacuum tubes, but the death of his father, the only money maker in the family, forced him to give up this research and find a job. His first job was for George Everson, with whom Farnsworth discussed his dream of television. While acknowledging the achievements of those who came before, Farnsworth thought that he could get closer. Everson agreed to risk $6,000 for the research.
Backers came in 1927 to see the first American television, one year after Baird’s. They were astonished to see the image of a single white line resolve itself on the screen before them, and agreed that this new invention was worth putting money into.
In 1930, Farnsworth won a patent (专利权) for his all-electronic TV. By the time he died, he had earned over 300 American and foreign patents for electronic and mechanical devices.
1.When Farnsworth was at a young age, he _______
A. had to drop out of school to help on the family farm
B. was sent to school to study electrical engineering
C. wanted to be the first person to invent the television
D. had shown a surprising ability in the electrical field
2.What difficulty did Farnsworth meet when he first began his research on the television?
A. His parents didn’t support his work.
B. He didn’t have enough knowledge in this field.
C. He didn’t have enough money for his research.
D. No one was interested in this research.
3.How old was Philo Farnsworth when he invented the first American television?
A. 11. B. 13. C. 19. D. 22.
4.From the passage, we can learn that Farnsworth is ______.
A. the first person who worked for the transmission of electronic pictures
B. an inventor who improved on somebody else’s idea
C. an inventor who always came up with an original idea
D. a person who earned over 300 American patents for electronic devices
Thoreau and other naturalists have praised the benefits of nature to your state of mind in their works, but there are some researches showing how nature makes you smarter. A study has found that exposure to the great outdoors improves cognitive(认知的) function. Experts have called this attention restoration therapy(注意力修复治疗).
In the study, researchers from the University of Michigan asked a group of volunteers to complete a take designed to challenge memory and attention. The volunteers then took a walk in either a park or in downtown Ann Arbor. After the walk, volunteers returned to the lab and were retested on the task. The performance on the memory and attention task greatly improved in people following the walk in the park, but did not improve in those who walked downtown.
Why nature makes you smarter? According to the experts, one reason has to do with how nature affects your attention. You have two types of attention. One is involuntary, where your attention is attracted by some stimuli(刺激物). And the other one is directed attention, where you control your attention. Directed attention is important for memory, resolving conflict and reducing absent mind.
Being in nature exposes you to soothing stimuli that engages your involuntary attention. It gives your directed attention a rest and a chance to become renewed. When you are in a city, you are constantly vigilant(警觉的), your directed attention is turned on and cannot get a rest.
Richard Luov created the term “nature deficit(缺乏) disorder disorder” to describe a condition of being so out of touch with nature that we lose humility, our spirituality, our humanity and we also are at higher risk of obesity(肥胖), depression and other disease. His first book, Last Child in the Woods, was about the negative effects of a nature deficit on children, but his new book. The Nature Principle, describes how adults are equally at risk if they seldom spend time with nature.
If you can’t be in nature today, get a screen saver of nature. In another part of the study, people who were simply shown photos of nature did better on cognitive function than those shown urban images. But I think it will be better for you to go out and experience the real things.
61．Which of the following probably belongs to the attention restoration therapy?
A．Doing exercise in the gym.
B．Reading Thoreau’s works at home.
C．Jogging around in the shopping mall.
D．Walking or running through a local park.
62．From the second paragraph, we can learn all EXCEPT that .
A．the study was conducted by experts of University of Michigan
B．the study is about people’s memory and attention
C．the study indicates nature has a good effect on memory and attention
D．the participants should walk in both the park and downtown
63．According to the passage, when one is considered to engage your involuntary attention?
A．Remembering things. B．Relaxing in nature.
C．Solving problems. D．Being cautious.
64．Which is the CORRECT information about Richard Luov?
A．He found the reason for obesity.
B．He wrote a book about children’s problems.
C．He has published a new health book.
D．He created a term to describe people who spend little time in nature.
65．which of the following would the author highly advise readers to do?
A．Get a picture of nature.
B．Avoid watching urban images.
C．Set your screen with an image of nature as the background.
D．Go out and spend time in nature.
New Beijing, Great Olympics
The 2008 Olympic Games has been the most cheerful and anticipated（预先的） event throughout Beijing ever since Beijing was rewarded the right to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, yet the focus should be shifted from making a promise to carrying out the promise made.
In my point of view, to bridge the gap between the promise and reality, Beijing still has a long way to go. To begin with, basic-structure construction should be the primary concern. Such basic-structures as communications and transportation system and facilities ought to draw our constant attention. For example, traffic jam has been an age-old headache in Beijing. The scene of long queues of vehicles worming their way inch by inch will surely cause great disorder, and impair the image of the city meanwhile. Next, to add charm to convenience, overall city planning is quite necessary. Time permitting, a redesign of city plan and adjustment of architectural style would provide a better environment for cultivating the characteristic, mixing oriental elegance(东方的雅致) with international greatness, will tower aloft(在高处) among surrounding architectures. To achieve such effect, Beijing shall seek opinions from first-rate architects and make an overall plan. Thirdly, quality of the population should be improved. To make an international metropolis, both “hardware” and “software” are important.
However, Rome was not built in a day. To carry out the promise of “New Beijing, Great Olympics”, deeds speak louder than words.
What does the underlined word “metropolis” in paragraph 2 mean ?
A . suburb B. small city C. capital city D. town
Which sentence is not true according to the author’s opinion in the passage?
A. Beijing has a crowded traffic since a long time ago.
B. Experts in architecture are also important to the city’s construction.
C. In order to host the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing has preparations to make in many ways.
D. Hardware” refers to quality of people in Beijing.
How many aspects does the author mention to prepare for the Olympics in Beijing?
A. two: basic-structure construction and people’s quality
B. three: basic-structure construction, traffic problem and overall city planning.
C. two: basic-structure construction and overall city planning
D. three: basic-structure construction, overall city planning and people’s quality.
What can be inferred from the text?
A. Beijing is going to host the 2008 Olympic Games.
B. To carry out the promise of “New Beijing, Great Olympics”is a long-term work.
C. Traffic jams will cause a lot of trouble and make people feel sick..
D. An overall city plan is to make Beijing a city with eastern and western cultures mixed together.
It’s case of the grass not being any greener on the other side． Nearly 60 percent of Australian workers are not happy with their employers, but almost 50 percent remain because they believe there are not many ideal companies around, a survey released today shows．
The report by career networking site LinkMe． com． au found that after taking into account working hours, staff morale(员工士气), industry, wages, image, charity support and career progression, the 2000 people surveyed predominantly(绝大多数地) believed their company did not quite make the grade．
Just over 25 percent of respondents claimed their company’s record regarding staff morale was extremely awful, 30 percent said their working hours were too long and inflexible, 59 percent reported that their offices were shabby and poorly-equipped, and 32 percent said their wages were far too low．
“Employers must realize that the Australian workplace is an environment of low unemployment so they need to provide better working environments or risk losing staff,” CEO of LinkMe． com． au Campbell Sallabank said．
Those that are considered to be respectable and glamorous firms with great working conditions are few and far between．
Only 17 percent said they believe they worked for an ideal company, while 33 percent said the competition was tough to get into those types of firms．
Predominantly, staff morale (75 percent), wages (68 percent) and distances between houses and companies (54 percent) are the factors considered when determining the ideal companies．
“Workers should not hold back from trying to improved their office environment,” Mr Sallabank said．
“There are all sorts of ways where employees can be successful in obtaining this but if attempts continually fall on deaf ears then voting with your feet is the best way to improve the situation at there are plenty of good employers out there．”
1．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT right?
A．The minorities of employees consider they are working for ideal firms．
B．Some respectable and glamorous firms provide unsatisfactory working conditions．
C．There few chances for employees to find their satisfactory employers．
D．Employees complain about the low staff morale and wages, and the long working hours．
2．What does the underlined phrase “voting with your feet” mean?
A．The way of disabled people to show their disagreement．
B．Having your own rights to express your belief．
C．Showing that you do not support a decision by leaving the company．
D．A kind of body language to demonstrate your satisfaction．
3．Which of the following can we infer from the passage?
A．Owing to low unemployment in Australia, changing jobs is not risky．
B．The employees take three key factors-staff morale, wages, and distances between houses
and companies-into consideration when choosing the ideal companies．
C．The government of Australia faces a terrible situation of unemployment．
D．Nearly 60 percent of Australian employers are not happy with their employees．
4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．Australian workers demand better working conditions．
B．Sick of your job? Why can’t you leave?
C．The grass is not any greener on the other side．
D．A survey of Australian workers．
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