Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.

　 In the early years, these schools were much alike(*similar).Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated(*毕业),most of them became ministers or teachers.

　In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard’s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.

　As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.

　Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’t offer it all.

The oldest university in the US is _________.

　A.Yale 　　   B.Harvard 　　  C.Princeton 　       　D.Columbia

From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,______.

　A.those colleges and universities were the same

　B.people, young or old, might study in the colleges

　C.students studied only some languages and science

　D.when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers

Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were ________.

　A.Latin and Greek              B.Latin, Green, French and German

　C.American history and German   D.French and German

As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_______.

　A.everything that was known      B.law and something about medicine

　C.many new subjects             D.the subjects that interested students

On the whole, the passage is about___________.

　A.how to start a university    　B.the world-famous colleges in America

　C.how colleges have changed    D.what kind of lesson each college teaches

My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States. The rest of his family remained in Europe. When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man , downhearted. Such obvious change was not born out of concern for his welfare, but out of fear: if his only son, my uncle, had to go to war, it would be cousin fighting against cousin.

One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted.

The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. Although no one noticed. I'm sure my grandmother had a tear in her eye for the only son. The train slowly pulled out, but not about a thousand yards when it suddenly paused. Everyone stared in wonder as the train slowly returned to the station. There was a dead silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out. Someone shouted, "The war is over!" For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up in two lines, walked down the steps, and with the band playing, marched down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home. My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn't last a tiny bit longer.

What the grandfather was most worried about was _________ .

A. the spread of the world war             B. the safety of his two cousins

C. a drop in his living standards            D. his relatives killing each other

The underlined phrase "draft notice" means _________ .

A. order for army service                  B. train ticket for Europe

C. letter of rejection                      D. note of warning

What did the "service pins"  (in Para. 2)  stand for in the eyes of the little girls?

A. Strength.         B. Courage.      C. Victory.        D. Honour.

Which of the following words can best describe the ending of the story?

A. Disappointing.  　  B. Unexpected.       C. Uncertain.      D. Inspiring.

Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?

A. The grandfather felt downhearted because he was afraid of receiving a draft notice.

B. The train was traveling fast to the front when the news came that the war was over.

C. Few soldiers on the train had training in advance.

D. Most people including the mother were disappointed that the war didn't last a bit longer.

Methods of training animals have changed greatly in recent years. Zoo keepers have always had problems getting the animals to leave their cages in order for the cages to be cleaned, and also training them to move indoors when appropriate. Another problem was that many of the large animals became listless and bored. In the last twenty years, scientists have done research on dolphins and whales, training them to obey commands. The scientists found they could get animals to obey by rewarding them with food and affection when they responded correctly.?

Proper training allows the animals to receive the care they need. It was very difficult to get untrained animals, especially the larger ones, to stay still when they needed medical attention. Now they can be trained, on command, to remain still and even to allow blood samples to be taken and shots administered. All this is accomplished through positive reinforcement, without the use of any force. Affection training, as this process is called, has been used with great success on a wide variety of zoo animals. Animal behavior experts have taught zoo keepers to train bears, tigers, monkeys, and many other species to behave in a way that provides for better animal-keeper interaction. This training also keeps the animals from becoming bored and inactive.?

Although some people proclaim(谴责) that this training is inhumance and cruel to animals, results have shown that captive(猎获的)animals who previously were not doing well flourish under the new training procedures.?

The word “listless” means _______.

A. countless　B. obedient

C. inactive      D. mysterious?

Which of the following is valid conclusion based on this passage?

A. It is safe to pet any animal.　?

B. Many animals respond favorably to rewards and affection.?

C. Animals in the wild can be trained.?

D. Animals should not be kept in zoos.?

The writer's purpose is to _______.

A. persuade people not to feed animals in the zoo?

B. show how easy it is to train animals?

C. explain method of training animals through rewards?

D. criticize zoo keepers?

Which of the following is an opinion??

A. Zoo keepers had problems in getting animals to leave their cages.?

B. Training is cruel to animals.?

C. Animals obey commands if they are trained to do so.?

D. Many animals can be trained, on commands, to remain still.

EVENTS(赛事)

Bicycle tour and race

　  A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sun. ). At 5:30am, the riders will leave Tian'anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometers leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.

　　The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaibe, covering a distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.

　　Cost: 200 Yuan   Telephone: 4675027

Brazilian footballers

　　The Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guo'an Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26. The club has four national team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star　Romario ho has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.

　　Ticket prices: 60,100,150 Yuan

　　Time/Date: 4:30 pm, August 26(Sat.)   Telephone:  5012372

Rock climbing

The Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take part in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators(观众).

　　Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.

　　Time/Dates: 9-12 am, August 26 and 27

　　Telephone: 7143177, 7144850, Wang Zhenghua

1. If you take part in the bike tour, you will ride for _________.

   A. 35 kilometers          B. 55 kilometers   C. 75 kilometers     D. 110 kilometers

2. The underlined word "leg" in "Bicycle tour and race" probably means ________.

   A. race 　    B. practice          C. part of the training   　  D. part of the tour

3. What is special about the Rock climbing competition?

   A. A foreign team takes part in it.      　　

B. You can watch it without paying.

C. You don't have to be a sportsman to take part.

D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free.

4. If you want to find something to do for Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?

A. 4675027　　　　B. 7143177         C. 5012372　　　　D. 7144850

 

Methods of training animals have changed greatly in recent years. Zoo keepers have always had problems getting the animals to leave their cages in order for the cages to be cleaned, and also training them to move indoors when appropriate. Another problem was that many of the large animals became listless and bored. In the last twenty years, scientists have done research on dolphins and whales, training them to obey commands. The scientists found they could get animals to obey by rewarding them with food and affection when they responded correctly.?

Proper training allows the animals to receive the care they need. It was very difficult to get untrained animals, especially the larger ones, to stay still when they needed medical attention. Now they can be trained, on command, to remain still and even to allow blood samples to be taken and shots administered. All this is accomplished through positive reinforcement, without the use of any force. Affection training, as this process is called, has been used with great success on a wide variety of zoo animals. Animal behavior experts have taught zoo keepers to train bears, tigers, monkeys, and many other species to behave in a way that provides for better animal-keeper interaction. This training also keeps the animals from becoming bored and inactive.?

Although some people proclaim(谴责) that this training is inhumance and cruel to animals, results have shown that captive(猎获的)animals who previously were not doing well flourish under the new training procedures.?

The word “listless” means _______.

A. countless　B. obedient

C. inactive      D. mysterious?

Which of the following is valid conclusion based on this passage?

A. It is safe to pet any animal.　?

B. Many animals respond favorably to rewards and affection.?

C. Animals in the wild can be trained.?

D. Animals should not be kept in zoos.?

The writer's purpose is to _______.

A. persuade people not to feed animals in the zoo?

B. show how easy it is to train animals?

C. explain method of training animals through rewards?

D. criticize zoo keepers?

Which of the following is an opinion??

A. Zoo keepers had problems in getting animals to leave their cages.?

B. Training is cruel to animals.?

C. Animals obey commands if they are trained to do so.?

D. Many animals can be trained, on commands, to remain still.