To help a 7-year-old overcome bedwetting, Dr. Howard Bennett reaches for red water balloons and a superhero named Bladderman. Bedwetting is a problem for many children age 6 or older.

     Alarms and medicines are available, but understanding how their bodies work for many kids is the key to staying dry. Bennett published a book that’s aimed directly at children, not just their parents to help understand bedwetting so that children understand accidents aren’t their fault－it’s not a matter of willpower but of biology－and to outline research-backed steps they can take to help stay dry.

     Bedwetting is hard on youngsters’ self-esteem (自尊). They may decline sleepovers or feel anxious about camp, such as doing their own laundry, to hide the problem. Bennett even had a 9-year-old patient whose younger brother discovered his bedwetting and used it blackmail.

     Children usually get nighttime bladder control between ages 3 and 5. The brain and bladder must learn to work together: First, the bladder signals the brain that it’s filling. The brain then either signals back for the bladder to relax and hold more overnight, or signals the child to awaken. Boys are twice as likely as girls to experience delays in nighttime bladder control.

     For children who don’t want to wait it out, there are ways to help. Most common are alarms that make a sound when they sense wetness. The alarms, which cost from $ 60 to $200, can help train children to wake up. “But the education is important,” stresses Dr. Patrick McKenna. Good training in how the bladder works and how to control it can meet the devices’ effect.

1．The passage mainly tries to tell readers that __________.

     A．bedwetting is a common thing for children

       B．boys are easier to have bedwetting

     C．children’s bedwetting can be overcome                                

       D．bedwetting is a matter of biology

2．According to the passage, bedwetting happens mainly because _______.

     A．brain doesn’t signal them to awaken                                        

       B．these children’s bladders are smaller

     C．they are too young to control themselves                                  

       D．they have too much water before sleep

3．The contents that follow the last paragraph of the passage will be ___________.

     A．how the alarms work in treating bedwetting

B．how to educate children to avoid bedwetting

     C．how bedwetting works for the children

D．how to build youngsters’ self-esteem

To help a 7-year-old very come bedwetting, Dr. Howard Bennett reaches for red water balloons and a superhero named Bladderman. Bedwetting is a problem for many children age 6 or older.

Alarms and medicines are available, but understanding how their bodies work for many kids is the key to staying dry. Bennett published a book that’s aimed directly at children, not just their parents to help understand bedwetting so that children understand accidents aren’t their fault－it’s not a matter of willpower but of biology－and to outline research-backed steps they can take to help stay dry.

Bedwetting is hard on youngsters’ self-esteem(自尊). They may decline sleepovers or feel anxious about camp, such as doing their own laundry, to hide the problem. Bennett even had a 9-yar-old patient whose younger brother discovered his bedwetting and used it blackmail.

Children usually get nighttime bladder control between ages 3 and 5. the brain and bladder must learn to work together: First, the bladder signals the brain that it’s filling. The brain then either signals back for the bladder to relax and hold more overnight, or signals the child to awaken. Boys are twice as likely as girls to experience delays in nighttime bladder control.

For children who don’t want to wait it out, there are ways to help. Most common are alarms that make a sound when they sense wetness. The alarms, which cost from $ 60 to $ 200, can help train children to wake up. “But the education is important,” stresses Dr. Patrick McKenna. Good training in how the bladder works and how to control it can meet the devices’ effect.

1．The passage mainly tries to tell readers that __________.

       A．bedwetting is a common thing for children

       B．boys are easier to have bedwetting

       C．children’s bedwetting can be overcome

       D．bedwetting is a matter of biology

2．According to the passage, bedwetting happens mainly because _________.

       A．brain doesn’t signal them to awaken

       B．these children’s bladders are smaller

       C．they are too young to control themselves

       D．they have too much water before sleep

3．The contents that follow the last paragraph of the passage will be _________.

       A．how the alarms work in treating bedwetting

       B．how to educate children to avoid bedwetting

       C．how bedwetting words for the children

       D．how to build youngsters’ self-esteem

Age has its special advantage in America. And one of the more impressive of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age—in some cases as low as 55－is automatically entitled to plenty of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility（资格）is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses-as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.
People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them；yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent（有支付能力的）. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous（同义的）. Perhaps that once was true, but today, to be sure, there is economic variety within the elderly, and most of them aren’t poor.
It is impossible to determine the effect of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to income. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they directly annoy some politicians and scholars who consider it a coming conflict between the generations.
Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another point. Supported by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are refusing the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job-thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers. Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a powerful economic privilege（特权）to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.
It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enrich the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment；and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly ale ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the heart of the very thing older Americans are fighting against－discrimination by age.
【小题1】We learn from the first paragraph that   .

A．offering senior citizen discounts has become routine commercial practice

B．senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a good life

C．giving senior citizen discounts has increased the market for the elderly

D．senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount

【小题2】The reason to give the senior citizen discount is that   .

A．the elderly need humane help from society

B．businesses should do something for society in return

C．old people are entitled to special treatment for their contribution to society

D．the senior discounts can make up for the lack of the Social Security system

【小题3】What does the author think of the Social Security system?

A．It encourages elderly people to retire in time.

B．It opens up broad career chances for young people.

C．It benefits the old at the expense of the young.

D．It should be strengthened by laws and court decisions.

【小题4】What does the author mainly argue in the passage?

A．Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.

B．The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.

C．Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination.

D．Discount should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.

Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives.If you are thinking of buying a dog,however,you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide.Specialists advice is useful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog.But in part the decision depends on common sense.Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks.So,if you want a dog to protect you or your house,for example,you should choose the one that has the right size and characteristics.You must also be ready to devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life,unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely.Dogs are demanding pets.Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place where it is secure,but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection.The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its love from its mother to its master.If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old,their strong relationship will always be with dogs.They are likely to be shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.?

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage??

A.You can always get help from the specialists.?

B.It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.?

C.You should decide what kind of dog you want.?

D.Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.

2.What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog??

A.The color of the dog.?

B.The price of the dog.?

C.Whether the dog will fit the environment.?

D.Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.

3.Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat??

A.It must be trained so that it won't bite.?

B.It demands more food and space.?

C.It needs more love and care.?

D.It must be looked after carefully.

4.Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old??

A.It'easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.?

B.They are less likely to be shy with human beings.?

C.They are less likely to run away.?

D.It'easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.

阅读理解

　　Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialists' advice is useful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog. But in part the decision depends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose the one that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place where it is secure, but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection. The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its love from its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old，their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.

1．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．You can always get help from the specialists.

B．It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.

C．You should decide what kind of dog you want.

D．Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.

2．What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?

[　　]

A．The color of the dog.

B．The price of the dog.

C．Whether the dog will fit the environment.

D．Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.

3．Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?

[　　]

A．It must be trained so that it won't bite.

B．It demands more food and space.

C．It needs more 10ve and care.

D．It must be 100ked after carefully.

4．Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old?

[　　]

A．It's easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.

B．They are less likely to be shy with human beings.

C．They are less likely to run away.

D．It's easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.

5．The word“affection”means“_____”.

[　　]

A．love　　　B．effect

C．tie　　　　D．relationship