There are only about 1,000 Hawaiian monk seals(夏威夷僧海豹) left and its population is going down 4% a year. Hawaiian monk seals are found in the northwest part of the Hawaiian Islands. They spend a lot of time at sea. They are able to dive 600 feet deep, and can stay under water for up to 20 minutes. Adults grow up to seven feet long, and weigh between 400 and 600 pounds. They can live as long as 30 years.

These seals are born on land. Every year, usually in May or June, females find sandy beaches and give birth to a single baby. The female seals avoid beaches where the water becomes deep very quickly because this lets sharks swim close to land and catch the seals.

Mothers stay with their babies for six weeks. During that entire time, they do not leave the beach even to eat. Instead, they live off fat that they have stored up over the previous year and feed their babies with fat-rich milk. After six weeks, mothers go back to the sea. The young have to live on their own.

Human disturbance(打扰) has been regarded as the important factor in the decrease of the monk seals. In fact, if human come too near a mother seal too often, she will go out to the sea. Unfortunately, this usually means death for the baby. It is now against the law for people to come within 100 yards of a seal on a beach.

Recent research has shown that the decrease in the Hawaiian monk seal population is due to lack of survival of these seals at one of the most important breeding(繁殖) beaches at French Frigate Shoals. Also, seals often get trapped in fishermen and by changes in weather patterns. If these threats(威胁) were not enough, during the breeding season, males will attack females until they are badly injured or finally killed.

1.What can we learn about Hawaiian monk seals?

A．They are in danger of dying out.

B．They spend most of the time on the beach.

C．They are the largest animals on the Hawaiian Islands.

D．They can stay under water as long as they like.

2.According to the text, a seal baby______.

A．is born at sea

B．is fed on fat by the mother

C．stays with its parents all life

D．is looked after by its mother for 6 weeks

3.It can be inferred from the text that______.

A．sharks are a threat to Hawaiian monk seals

B．male monk seals fight each other for females in the breeding season

C．when disturbed by people, the mother seal will protect the baby seal

D．Hawaiian monk seals give birth usually in July

4.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?

A．Ways to protect Hawaiian monk seals。

B．The struggle of Hawaiian monk seals to survive.

C．The reasons for the decline(减少) of Hawaiian monk seals.

D．The influence of climate change on Hawaiian monk seals.

 

There are only about 1,000 Hawaiian monk seals(夏威夷僧海豹) left and its population is going down 4% a year. Hawaiian monk seals are found in the northwest part of the Hawaiian Islands. They spend a lot of time at sea. They are able to dive 600 feet deep, and can stay under water for up to 20 minutes. Adults grow up to seven feet long, and weigh between 400 and 600 pounds. They can live as long as 30 years.
These seals are born on land. Every year, usually in May or June, females find sandy beaches and give birth to a single baby. The female seals avoid beaches where the water becomes deep very quickly because this lets sharks swim close to land and catch the seals.
Mothers stay with their babies for six weeks. During that entire time, they do not leave the beach even to eat. Instead, they live off fat that they have stored up over the previous year and feed their babies with fat-rich milk. After six weeks, mothers go back to the sea. The young have to live on their own.
Human disturbance(打扰) has been regarded as the important factor in the decrease of the monk seals. In fact, if human come too near a mother seal too often, she will go out to the sea. Unfortunately, this usually means death for the baby. It is now against the law for people to come within 100 yards of a seal on a beach.
Recent research has shown that the decrease in the Hawaiian monk seal population is due to lack of survival of these seals at one of the most important breeding(繁殖) beaches at French Frigate Shoals. Also, seals often get trapped in fishermen and by changes in weather patterns. If these threats(威胁) were not enough, during the breeding season, males will attack females until they are badly injured or finally killed.
【小题1】What can we learn about Hawaiian monk seals?

A．They are in danger of dying out.

B．They spend most of the time on the beach.

C．They are the largest animals on the Hawaiian Islands.

D．They can stay under water as long as they like.

【小题2】According to the text, a seal baby______.

A．is born at sea

B．is fed on fat by the mother

C．stays with its parents all life

D．is looked after by its mother for 6 weeks

【小题3】It can be inferred from the text that______.

A．sharks are a threat to Hawaiian monk seals

B．male monk seals fight each other for females in the breeding season

C．when disturbed by people, the mother seal will protect the baby seal

D．Hawaiian monk seals give birth usually in July

【小题4】What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?

A．Ways to protect Hawaiian monk seals。

B．The struggle of Hawaiian monk seals to survive.

C．The reasons for the decline(减少) of Hawaiian monk seals.

D．The influence of climate change on Hawaiian monk seals.

Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last words we think to use as adults today. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello——it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change——how might we change——if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.

　　 It can boost (促进) productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan All day, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.

　　 Environments influence friendliness. One study found that people in the city were less likely to shake hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones. Similarly, people in vacation spots were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown.

　　 It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient (接受者).

So maybe we can make the world a better place by____________.  After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and I have a better sense of well-being.

1. What does the author say about the adults’ saying hello today?

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

　　Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests.

　　____________________________________________________________________

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 5 words)

　　____________________________________________________________________

4.What are the three effects of smiling on health according to the text. (within 8 words)

Smiling can ___________________________________________________________

 

阅读表达 (共5小题; 每小题2分，满分10分)

(1)Freezing weather can mean frostbite and hypothermia unless a person is prepared. Today we talk about how to stay warm, dry and safe.

(2)Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long. It mainly happens on the hands, feet, nose and ears.

(3)People with minor cases of frostbite that affect only the skin may not suffer any permanent damage. But if deeper tissue is affected, a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold.

(4)If blood vessels are damaged, people can suffer a gangrene infection. Sometimes the only way doctors can treat an injury like this is to remove frostbitten areas like fingers and toes.

(5)Hypothermia is a condition that develops when the body cannot produce as much heat as it releases. Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking, very slow breathing and difficulty thinking clearly. Hypothermia can lead to death if the person does not receive help.

(6)To avoid cold-related injuries, here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to staying warm. Think of COLD -- C.O.L.D.

(7)The C stands for cover. Wear a hat and scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head, neck and ears. And wear mittens instead of gloves. In gloves, the fingers are separated, so the hands might not stay as warm as they would in mittens.

(8)The O stands for overexertion. Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a dangerous combination.

(9)L is for layers. Wearing loose, lightweight clothes, one layer on top of another, is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Make sure outerwear is made of material that is water-resistant and tightly knit.

(10)________________. In other words, stay as dry as possible. Pay attention to the places where snow can enter clothing. These include the tops of boots, the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens or gloves.

(11)And here are two other things to keep in mind -- one for children and the other for adults. Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body's temperature. And drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm. But what it really does is weaken the body's ability to hold heat.

(12)Next week on the Health Report: advice from experts about what to do, and not to do, to help someone who is injured by cold weather.

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?（in not more than 12 words）

_________________________________________________________________________

2.What are the symptoms of hypothermia?(in not more than 10 words)

_________________________________________________________________________

3.Write the missing sentence in paragraph 10?(in not more than 4 words)

_________________________________________________________________________

4.Complete the following sentence: (in not more than 5 words)

A person,whose _______________________ is damaged,will probably suffer pain when

the weather turns cold.

5.What do the two underlined “it”s refer to?(line 2 and line 3 in paragraph 11) (in not more than 5 words)

_______________________________________________________________________

 

Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last words we think to use as adults today. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello——it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change——how might we change——if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.

　　 It can boost (促进) productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan All day, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.

　　 Environments influence friendliness. One study found that people in the city were less likely to shake hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. My experience was similar. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones. Similarly, people in vacation spots were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown.

　　 It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient (接受者).

So maybe we can make the world a better place by____________.  After a month of doing it, I feel lighter and I have a better sense of well-being.

What does the author say about the adults’ saying hello today?

_______________________________________________________________________________

Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?

　　Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests.

　　____________________________________________________________________

Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 5 words)

　　____________________________________________________________________

What are the three effects of smiling on health according to the text. (within 8 words)

Smiling can ___________________________________________________________