The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses relate to diet and forty percent of cancer relates to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.

That food is connected with illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic  additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.　　

1. What is the best possible title of the passage?

　 A. Drug and Food             　B. Cancer and Health

　C. Food and Health              D. Health and Drug

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　 A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.

　 B. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are

given to the living animals.

　 C. Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over

thirty-five years.

　 D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.

3. How has science done something harmful to mankind?

　A. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven’t been virtually

eliminated.

　 B. It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.

　 C. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances

have been added to food.

　D. The scientists have preserved the color of meat, but not of vegetables.

4. What are nitrates used for?

　 A. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.

　 B. They preserve the color of meats.

　 C. They are the objects of research.

5. The word ‘carcinogenic’ most nearly means ‘_________’.

　 A. trouble-making                 B. color-maintaining

　 C. money-making                 D .cancer-causing

 

Everyone experiences stress at work, but how we cope with it varies. Feeling that you’ve been unfairly treated can be particularly stressful. Researchers believe that failure to express feelings about unfair treatment at work could have serious consequences on your health, especially men, who bottle up their anger at being unfairly treated at work, are up to 5 times more likely to suffer a heart attack, or even die from one, than those who let their frustration （沮丧） show, a Swedish study has found.

The study by the Stress Research Institute of Stockholm University followed 2,755 employed men who had not suffered any heart attacks. At the end of the study, 47 participants had either suffered an attack, or died from heart disease, and many of those had been found to be covertly coping with unfair treatment at work.

“After adjustment for age, socioeconomic factors, risk behaviors, job strain and biological risk factors at baseline, there was a close-response relationship between covert coping and the risk of incident death,” the study’s authors wrote.

Covert coping was listed as “letting thing pass without saying anything” and “going away” despite feelings of being hard done by colleagues or bosses. Men who often used these coping techniques had a two to five times higher risk of developing heart disease than those who were more confrontational (对抗性的) at work, the study showed.

The researchers said they could not answer the question of what might be a particularly healthy coping strategy at work, but listed open coping behavior when experiencing unfair treatment or facing a conflict as “protesting directly,” “talking to the person right away,” “yelling at the person right away” or “speaking to the person later when things have calmed down.” The study was published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

1.The study mainly shows that 　　   　 .

A．women are less likely to suffer a heart attack than men

B．most people die of heart disease caused by stress

C．covert coping may result in certain heart trouble

D．employers should treat their workers equally

2.Which of the following contributes to the accuracy of the study?

A．The participants were all employed men.

B．The participants tend to bottle up their temper.

C．The participants should not have risk behaviors.

D．The participants had not a history of heart attacks.

3. According to the text, if treated unfairly a confrontational person will 　　   　 .

A．just let it be

B．fight back immediately

C．go away silently

D．work even harder

4.The last paragraph is intended to tell readers 　　 .

A．that the study is official

B．what the healthiest coping strategy is

C．what the helpful ways of handling unfair treatment are

D．that confrontation is always beneficial to people’s heart health

 

When I was small and my grandmother died I couldn’t understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying.　　

   So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that crying does so, too.　　

Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional (情感的) health, and crying seems to be helpful. Study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.　　

Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and more friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don’t even know we’re very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.　　

Just as crying can be healthy, not crying — holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering — can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural — and healthy — emotional response (反应).　　

1.Why didn’t the author cry when her grandmother died?　　

A. Because her father did not want her to feel too sad.　　

B. Because she did not love her grandmother.　　

C. Because she was too shy to cry at that time.　　

D. The author doesn’t give the explanation.　　

2.  It can be inferred from the text that ______.　　

A. there are two ways to keep healthy　　

B. crying does more good to health than laughing　　

C. crying and laughing play the same roles　　

D. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health　　

3.According to the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?　　

A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.　　

B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.　　

C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.　　

D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.　　

4.What might be the most suitable title for the text?　　

A. Power of Tears                    B. How to Keep Healthy　　

C. Why Do We Cry                     D. A New Scientific Discovery

 

You maybe surprised to learn that one of the best steps you can take to protect your health is to step outside and spend some time in the grass, dirt and water．

Our ancestors enjoyed the healing power of nature，and now scientists are starting to catch up．According to research in recent years，just having a view of nature has been shown to improve hospital patients' recovery and reduce illness rates among office workers．Also，exposure(曝露) to wildlife，horseback riding，hiking，camping and farms can be helpful for a variety of health conditions in adults and children．

Much of this type of research is focusing on children，and in fact an entire movement has quickly developed to connect kids with the healing power of nature．

Obesity（肥胖）．Rates of childhood obesity have grown sharply in recent years，and this is partly because of reduced outdoor activity time．Increasing the time students spend learning about nature，both in and outside the classroom，would help solve this problem．Such lessons are often more attractive for students and often lead them to become more active outside．

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）（注意力缺失症）．Exposure to ordinary natural settings in the course of common after­school and weekend activities may be effective in reducing attention deficit symptoms in children．Participation in green activities—such as nature walks—helped ADHD patients from a wide range of backgrounds to stay focused and complete tasks．

Stress．Access to nature，even houseplants，can help children cope with stress．

Depression and seasonal emotional disorder．Major depression requires medical treatment，but physical activity，especially outdoors，can help ease symptoms．For your average case of winter blues，experts suggest spending time outside every day and，if possible，taking the family to a sunny vacation spot in mid­winter．

Experts emphasize that you needn't go to wilderness preserves to enjoy nature's benefits—simply walking in a city park or growing in a rooftop garden can make a difference．

1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that       .

    A．ancient people were not familiar with the healing power of nature.

    B．modern people are not familiar with the healing power of nature．

    C．the healing power of nature works better on children．

    D．the healing power of nature works better on office workers．

2.According to Para.4, lessons about nature         .

    A．should engage parents in them

    B．should take place outdoors

    C．are used widely at schools

    D．are liked by students

3.Exposure to green areas in neighborhoods can 　　　　．

    A．improve children's skills at learning

    B．help reduce ADHD symptoms

    C．treat major depression

    D．cure winter blues

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph？

    A．You can only enjoy nature's benefits in the wilderness．

    B．A common natural setting is beneficial to your health．

    C．A city park and a rooftop garden have different benefits．

    D．Too many people in the wilderness will reduce the benefits of nature．

 

When did you last see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃, and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group. This is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.

　　Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.

The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system（循环系统）because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.

　　The main benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim year-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says. "When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."

1. The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that

__________.

A．they must reach the age of 60

B．they should be easy to make friends with

C．they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months

D．they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February

2. Doctors __________.

A．encourage people to take part in cold-water swimming actively

B．point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming

C．believe swimming is helpful both in winter and in summer

D．have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming

3.According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that __________.

A．you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue

B．cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter

C．cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high

D．Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water

4.The Polar Bears like to swim all the year round, for __________.

A．they can remain young	B．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
C．they find it enjoyable and interesting	D．they might meet fewer troubles in life

5. The passage is mainly about __________.

A．a group of cold-water swimming lovers

B．the polar bears' life

C．doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming

D．the requirements of the Polar Bear Club