In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called “communes”, where they could follow their philosophy of “do your own thing”. A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey’s Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm became famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin’s followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.
　　Not all communes believed in the philosophy of “do your own thing”. However, Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner’s “conditioning” techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an “archeology”. Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.
【小题1】Why did some young Americans decide to “drop out” of society during the 1960s?

A．They were not satisfied with American society.

B．They wanted to grow marijuana.

C．They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.

D．They did not want all people to be equal.

【小题2】 Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?

A．In dome-shaped house.	B．In old school houses.
C．On a farm in Tennessee.	D．In an archeology in Arizona.

【小题3】 Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to build dome-shaped house?
　　A. Paolo Soleri. 　             B. B.G.Skinner.
　　C. Steve Gaskin.                D. Buckminster Fuller.
【小题4】 What was the Twin Oaks commune based on?

A．The philosophy of “do your own thing”.

B．Virginia in the late 1960s.

C．The ideas of psychologist.

D．The belief that people must live closely together.

【小题5】 What is an “archeology”?

A．A person who studies archaeology.

B．A large building where people live closely together.

C．A city in Arizona.

D．A technique to control people.

Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.
　 In the early years, these schools were much alike(*similar).Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated(*毕业),most of them became ministers or teachers.
　In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard’s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.
　As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.
　Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’t offer it all.
【小题1】The oldest university in the US is _________.

A．Yale

B．Harvard

C．Princeton

D．Columbia

【小题2】 From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,______.

A．those colleges and universities were the same

B．people, young or old, might study in the colleges

C．students studied only some languages and science

D．when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers

【小题3】 Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were ________.

A．Latin and Greek	B．Latin, Green, French and German
C．American history and German	D．French and German

【小题4】As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_______.

A．everything that was known	B．law and something about medicine
C．many new subjects	D．the subjects that interested students

【小题5】 On the whole, the passage is about___________.

A．how to start a university	B．the world-famous colleges in America
C．how colleges have changed	D．what kind of lesson each college teaches

The dream of flying into outer space, cherished by the Chinese people for centuries, will soon come true.
　　China launched its fourth unmanned spacecraft （飞船）“Shenzhou Ⅳ” on December 30 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province. It was the 27th consecutive（连续的 ）and successful launch of China - made rockets since October 1996. This launch has made it more realistic for China to send a person into space on its own following Russia and the USA.
　　Qi Faren，leading designer of the spacecraft system, said all the functions （功能） designed for manned flights have withstood （经受住）the test of three previous, successful launches and return landings of the “Shenzhou” spaceships.
　　China launched the “Shenzhou Ⅰ ”, “Shenzhou Ⅱ ”and “Shenzhou Ⅲ ”spacecrafts in 1999,2001 and 2002 respectively.
　　“Shouzhou Ⅳ” was to make it a more comfortable place in which astronauts can live and work. All parts of the application system for manned flight are aboard the “Shenzhou Ⅳ”craft in all test flights.
　　China’s manned flight programme began in 1992. A number of unmanned test flights will be launched before Chinese astronauts are sent into space.
　　Leading scientists in charge of China’s manned space programme said the successful launch of the “Shenzhou Ⅳ” laid a solid foundation for the country’s future task of sending Chinese astronauts to outer space.
　　The spacecraft returned to the earth on January 5, after completing seven experiments in space.
　　Officials at the centre said that“ Shenzhou Ⅴ”, a manned spacecraft, is expected to be launched later this year.
【小题1】How many countries can send a person into space on its own by now？

A．Not mentioned.

B．3.

C．4.

D．2.

【小题2】.China’s manned flight programme began in ________.

A．1992

B．October 1996.

C．1999

D．January 2003

【小题3】As a matter of fact, ________ .

A．“Shenzhou Ⅴ ”has been launched

B．“Shenzhou Ⅳ” was a manned spacecraft

C．“Shenzhou Ⅲ ”and“ Shenzhou Ⅳ” were not launched in the same year

D．the dream of man flying into outer space has come true in China

【小题4】.Which is the most suitable title for the passage?

A．The Successful Launching of “Shenzhou Ⅳ ”.

B．The Landing of “Shenzhou Ⅳ ”.

C．Chin a’s Manned Flight Programme.

D．The Third Country Sending a Person into Outer Space.

Water costs money．In some places water is hard  1  ．What  2  when a town
has these problems？A small town in California found a happy  3．
　　Very little rain ever fell there．The town had no water of its own．The water it used was 4 from a river 300 miles away．As more people  5  live in the town，  6   water was needed．Now water 7  to be brought in from 600 miles away．All these cost 8  money．
　　The town  9  a plan．It found a way to clean its “dirty” water．Once the cleaned water was reused  10  many ways．Five man-made lakes were built．Here people could swim and fish and go  11  ．They could have picnics in their new parks．Farmers had more water  12  their crops．New factories can be built，now that they have the promise of 13  ．
　　In most places，water is used and thrown 14  ．The town that saved  15  water
has saved the town！

【小题1】

A．supplying B．getting C．to get D．to supply

【小题2】A．happens    B．happening  C is happened     D．happened
【小题3】A．key        B．answer     C answering  D．way

【小题4】

A．fetch B．take C．brought in D．guided

【小题5】

A．come to B．came to C．coming to D．came for

【小题6】

A．many B．plenty of C．more D．many more

【小题7】

A．has B．had C．must D．needed

【小题8】

A．many B．a few C．a great many D．a lot of

【小题9】

A．put B．made C．supply D．noticed

【小题10】

A．for B．by C．at D．in

【小题11】

A．boating B．to boat C．to boating D．on boating

【小题12】

A．as B．with C．for D．to

【小题13】

A．water enough B．enough water C．crops enough D．enough crops

【小题14】

A．off B．of C．away D．out of

【小题15】

A．it’s B．its C．one’s D．his

You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to endure almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.
　When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the box's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
　In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the box was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
　Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can stand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
【小题1】What does the author say about the black box?

A．It is an indispensable device on an airplane.

B．The idea for its design comes from a comic book.

C．Its ability to avoid disasters is incredible.

D．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.

【小题2】What does the underlined word in the 3^rd paragraph mean?　

A．witness

B．experience

C．resist

D．ensure

【小题3】Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?

A．New materials became available by that time

B．Too much space was needed for its installation.

C．The early models didn't provide the needed data.

D．The early models often got damaged in the crash.

【小题4】What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?

A．There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.

B．There is still a good chance of their being recovered.

C．They have stopped sending homing signals.

D．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.