Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.

A. opportunities     B.realities           C.necessities         D. probabilities

When I was a sixth grader, kids were separating into groups, but I wasn't sure where I belonged．

Our teacher gave us a task called "secret friends" for the coming week．We were supposed to do nice things   1  our friends without letting them know who was doing it．We could leave   2  notes or cards either on their desks or in their backpacks．Before doing the task, with our eyes closed, from a basket, we   3  a name of a classmate who we were to secretly befriend over the next five days．

Soon, the task was turned into a competition of giving   4  instead of notes．Everyone was getting cool presents except me．My friend followed the teacher's   5  without a fault．I received nothing but handmade cards with nice words about me．

On the last morning, I finally got a package．When I   6  it, the girls around all   7 ．It was perfumed powder, an "old lady" gift．My face went red．

I tried to forget about the   8  gift, but when the same girls   9  it again during the break in the bathroom, I joined in, "How stupid! My grandmother wouldn't   10  want it．" The girls laughed at my   11  and filed out of the bathroom．Washing my hands, I let the water run through my fingers  12    I thought about my words．It wasn't   13  like me to say things like that．

"I'm your secret friend．" It was Rochelle．" I' m sorry about the gift," she whispered to me, tears   14   down her face．

From a poor family, she was a   15  at school for those with rich parents．Yet she just took all the   16  and the horrible treatment silently．

I was sick to my stomach as my   17  words ran through my mind．She had heard everything．How could I have been so cruel?

Later I learned she had felt bad all week about not being able to leave me any cool present and her mum had given up her only luxury（奢侈品）

And I had   18  everything for her．

I told her that I had only said those things to try to   19  .

"We aren't that different from each other, are we?" She smiled   20 ．Her simple words, spoken from her heart, found their way straight into mine．

1.                A．behind         B．like            C．through  D．for

2.                A．convincing      B．rewarding       C．encouraging   D．reminding

3.                A．dragged        B．picked          C．found    D．drew

4.                A．chances        B．gifts            C．hope D．help

5.                A．guidance       B．admission       C．directions D．patterns

6.                A．discovered      B．held           C．grasped  D．opened

7.                A．blamed         B．commented      C．laughed  D．shouted

8.                A．special         B．embarrassing    C．worrying  D．delicate

9.                A．mentioned      B．suggested       C．showed   D．saw

10.               A．just            B．only           C．even D．ever

11.               A．remarks        B．reactions       C．suffering  D．feeling

12.               A．if             B．because        C．since D．as

13.               A．exactly         B．necessarily      C．normally   D．perfectly

14.               A．dashing        B．streaming       C．smoothing D．getting

15.               A．goal           B．wonder        C．centre    D．target

16.               A．challenge       B．ignoring        C．teasing    D．puzzle

17.               A．powerful       B．scary          C．tense D．hurtful

18.               A．ruined         B．disturbed       C．changed   D．broken

19.               A．turn off        B．fit in           C．get in D．show off

20.               A．optimistically    B．honestly        C．persuasively    D．understandingly

If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆). Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（认知的） advantage over those less educated in middle and old age.
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist. She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory. The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. “Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman.
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with an average age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree. The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal (言语的)memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants were given a series of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman. “Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle.”
【小题1】 What is the text mainly about?

E
If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s （老年痴呆）．Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（认知的） advantage over their less educated counterparts in middle and old age．
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures．
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist．She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile （敏捷地）．
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory．The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference．“Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman．
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with a mean age of 56 years．Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree．The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility．Participants were given a battery of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting．
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman．
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman．“Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity （可塑性）, and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle．”
57．What is the text mainly about?
A．Higher education has a better cognitive advantage．
B．Better memories result from college degree．
C．Cognitive activity does a mind good．
D．Poor education has more risk of memory declines．
58．According to the result of Margie Lachman’s study, we can conclude that ________．
A．education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder
B．education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory
C．those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D．an intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
59．What do we know about the study called Midlife?
A．Participants each were given a battery to test their memory．
B．The average age of the participants are 56 years old．
C．Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas．
D．One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree．
60．Why are the findings of the Lachman’s study promising?
A．The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory．
B．We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines．
C．Adopting a different lifestyle can control over cognitive functioning．
D．We can find out the possibility to have better memories．

Canadian experts have found that so – called self – help books may actually do more harm than good to people who really need help．Researchers say that individuals （个人） with low respect felt much worse after repeating positive statements about themselves．

In their study, psychologists Joanne Wood and John Lee sought to determine how positive thinking affected people with different levels of self – confidence．They questioned dozens of people both made and female, analyzed their self – worth and optimism by means of the standard psychological methods and then asked them to write down their thoughts and feelings．The scoring system ranged from 0 to 35．

During the experiment, the researchers asked a total of 68 participants to repeat the self-help book phrase, “I am a lovable person．” After that they measured the participants’ moods and their feelings about themselves．The results revealed that the participants in the low self – respect group who repeated the mantra （颂歌）, were feeling much worse afterwards, when compared to other participants in low self – respect group who did not repeat the phrase．Those with low self – respect who repeated the phrase scored an average of 10 points．Their counterparts （对比者） with equally low self – respect who were not asked to repeat the statement, were able to score a little higher average of 17 points．

However, individuals with high self – respect reported feeling better after repeating the positive self – statement – but only slightly．They scored an average of 31 points, compared with an average of 25 for those with equally high self – respect who did not repeat the phrase．

Professor Wood urged those who promote self – help books, magazines and television shows to stop telling people that simply repeating a positive mantra could change one’s life．First, people start following this idea and feel like they are not alone．They are told that all they have to do is just to read that book and then to repeat these positive statements in a hope that things will be better, and when it does not work for them and they realize that nothing gets better, then it is really frustration to people．

Researchers concluded: “Repeating positive self – statements may benefit certain people such as individuals with high self – respect but discourage the very people who need confidence the most．”

The experts tried to find out, when repeating positive self – statements,         ．

       A．the different influences on people with different levels of self - confidence

       B．whether males or females will get more benefit from self – help books

       C．which group of people self – help books will do the greatest harm to

       D．who will get the least benefit from self – help book

How many points did the low self – respect participants get after repeating the self – help book phrase?

       A．An average of 10 points．      B．An average of 17 points．

       C．An average of 31 points．      D．An average of 25 points．

So – called self – help books do some good to          ．

       A．people lacking confidence

       B．people with high self - respect

       C．people with problems to settle urgently

       D．people repeating positive self – statements