Do you know blood types?

Special care must be taken in selecting new blood for a badly injured person, who would be killed by the transfusion (输血) if the blood is too different from his own.

There are four basic types of blood A. B. A B. and O. Blood type, like hair and height, comes from parents. Basically, A and B can not be mixed. AB, sometimes called the universal recipient (万能受血者), may receive A or B,. O type, often called the universal donor (万能输血者), gives his blood to any other group. Patients usually receive nothing, but salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality (国籍). Among Europeans, about 42 % have type A while 45 % have type O. The fewest is the type B.

1.Which of the following show the correct relationship in blood transfusion ("→"means giving blood to...)?

A．                 B．                 C．                 D．

2.Usually person who has been injured and lost too much blood should be given a blood transfusion______.

A．after he receives salt and plasma　          B．before he feels uncomfortable

C．when the new blood fits his body　         D．as soon as accident happens

3.From this passage we can know that among Europeans ______ 13 % have the type B.

A. about 　　B. no more than 　　C. less than 　　D. at most

       Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes．To some degree our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence．On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings．Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment．This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways．

It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with．The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence．Thus if we take two unrelated people at random（随机地） from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different．If on the other hand we take two identical （完全相同的） twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other．Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth．

Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments．We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring．We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part．This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence．   

1.Which of these sentences best describes the writer’s point in Para．1?　　

       A．To some degree, intelligence is given at birth．　　

       B．Intelligence is developed by the environment．　　

       C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid．　　

       D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment．

2.It is suggested in this passage that_______．　　

A．unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence　　

B．close relations usually have similar intelligence　　

C．the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence

       D．people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees　 　　of intelligence

3.In Para．1, the word "surroundings" means_______．　　             

       A．intelligence 　 　                               B．life                

       C．environments 　 　                            D．housing

4.The best title for this article would be_______．　　                      

       A．On Intelligence                         

       B．What Intelligence Means 　　             

       C．We are Born with Intelligence             

       D．Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence

C

　　When did you last see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃, and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group, this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.

　　Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.

The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits (or advantages) of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.

　　The main benefits(or advantages) of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim year-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says. "When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."

51. The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that_____ .

　A. they should be easy to make friends with

　B. they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months

　C. they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February

　D. they must reach the age of 60

52. Doctors _____ .

　A. encourage people to take part in cold-water swimming actively

　B. point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming

　C. believe swimming is helpful both in winter and in summer

　D. have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming

53. According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _____ .

　A. you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue

　B. cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter

　C. cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high

　D. Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water

54. The Polar Bears like to swim all the year round, for _____ .

　A. they can remain young   B. it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter

　C. they find it enjoyable and interesting D. they might meet fewer troubles in life

55. The passage is mainly about _____ .

  A.a group of cold-water swimming lovers             B. the polar bears' life 

　C. doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming        D. the requirements of the Polar Bear Club

IV．阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
　　With her beautiful looks, cheerful character and strong spirit, Karena Lam（林嘉欣）is making waves among Chinese movie fans and professionals （专业人士）.
　　The Canada - born actress won the Golden Horse Best Supporting Actress and Best New Performer awards （金马奖最佳女配角和最佳新人奖）for her role in “July Rhapsody” （《男人四十》）in Taiwan on November 16．She won the same titles at the HongKong Film Awards in April, 2002.
　　Lam played a wifful （任性的）high school girl in the film and her idol （偶像）Jacky Cheung （张学友）played the girl 's middle - aged teacher.
　　Her awards have made her the person to watch in Hong Kong and Taiwan cinema. But the 24-year-old girl thinks the awards have put more pressure on her and given her new challenges （挑战）.
　　Besides Jacky Cheung, Lam has appeared alongside other top Hong Kong stars. Last year she starred with Leslie Cheung （张国荣）in“ Inner Senses ” （《异度空间》）and this year she acted with Nicholas Tse （谢霆锋）in“ Tiramisu” （《恋爱行星》）. Is there anything that can stop Lam's success?
　　“I have learnt that ff someone is trying to hurt you, the best revenge （报复）is to keep living happily and having a good life.That’s what I did, ” she said.
　　She is an optimist （乐天派）and determined to be successful. “I always have a way of finding my own happiness. I know what's going to make me smile, and I go for it, ”she said.
　　Two films—a comedy and a love - story are waiting for her and she plans to release （首次上演）her first Cantonese （粤语）album next summer.
41．According to the passage, which of the following shows the right order of what Lam did or will do?
　　a．To star with Leslie Cheung in“Inner Senses.”
　　b．To win the Golden Horse Best Supporting Actress and Best New Performer awards for her role in“ July Rhapsody.”
　　c．To release her first cantones album.
　　d．To act with Nicholas Tse in“ Tiramisu. ”
　　e．To win the Hong Kong Film Awards.
　　A. b, e, a, d, c　　　B. c, a, d, e, b     C. e, b, d, c, a　　　D. a, d, e, b, c
　42．In“Inner Senses” Lam was one of the________performers.
　　A. supporting　　B. chief　　　　　 C. ordinary　　　D. learned
　43．The underlined phrase“make waves” probably means________.
　　A. gain much attention　　　B. make trouble
　　C. sing and dance　　  D. fan the flames of disorder