阅读下面两个材料并回答问题：
【材料一】2011年10月3日，诺贝尔奖委员会宣布，美国科学家布鲁斯·巴特勒、卢森堡科学家朱尔斯·霍夫曼和加拿大科学家拉尔夫·斯坦曼获得2011年诺贝尔医学生理学奖。在长期进化过程中人体具备两种免疫机能：一是“固有免疫”，二是“获得性免疫”。布鲁斯·巴特勒、朱尔斯·霍夫曼的获奖领域在前者；而拉尔夫·斯坦曼的工作主要在后者。
布鲁斯·巴特勒、朱尔斯·霍夫曼发现了由“Toll”基因编码的关键受体蛋白，该受体蛋白能识别病原微生物，并激活“固有免疫”，打开免疫反应的第一步；拉尔夫·斯坦曼发现的树突状细胞在免疫应答中作用，树突状细胞在体内游弋，发现并摄取病原体的特异性抗原，并报告给T淋巴细胞，T细胞将调动其他免疫细胞发生级联反应，最终消灭病原体。
（1）材料中所描述的“固有免疫”就是_____________________免疫，这种免疫对所有的病原体都有防御作用。（1分）
（2）下列有关“Toll”基因的叙述正确的是：_____________（单选）（1分）
A．Toll基因只存在于免疫细胞中
B．Toll基因编码受体蛋白，体现基因对性状的直接控制
C．Toll基因编码的受体蛋白能识别病原微生物，体现了免疫细胞的特异性识别
D．效应T细胞能与靶细胞密切接触就是该受体功能体现
（3）下列有关树突状细胞的叙述正确的是：_____________________（不定项）
A．树突状细胞在免疫中发挥作用，说明神经系统与免疫系统功能密切相关
B．在细胞免疫和体液免疫中树突状细胞所起的作用没有明显差别
C．树突状细胞能够处理和呈递病原体的抗原特异性
D．树突状细胞可触发T细胞发生免疫反应
E．树突状细胞可能是一种吞噬细胞
【材料二】（根据南方周末《乔布斯的错误与诺奖得主的试验》整理）就在瑞典卡罗琳医学院宣布本年度诺贝尔医学奖的前3天，斯坦曼因胰腺癌不幸离世，他没能亲耳听到自己获奖的喜讯，令人惋惜。就在他离世死后的第6天“改变世界”的IT精英乔布斯也因胰腺癌英年早逝。
两人所患的胰腺癌都是死亡率极高的恶性肿瘤。乔布斯患的是“胰腺内分泌型肿瘤”，该病症病情发展缓慢，能存活数年的患者不在少数。但这位著名的素食主义者曾一度拒绝手术治疗，导致肿瘤细胞转移，病情迅速恶化。
而斯坦曼所患的病症为“胰腺外分泌型肿瘤”，该病患者的存活期往往只有数月。斯坦曼在2007年确诊胰腺癌后，就积极尝试基于树突状细胞的治疗性疫苗(DC疫苗)。借助这种“细胞免疫疗法”，他的生命从预期的数月延长至4年。
（4）乔布斯癌变的细胞可能是_____________细胞，该细胞的分泌物与_________________。系统消灭癌细胞的过程是_____________（填一种特异性免疫）发挥作用。
（5）斯坦曼所注射的DC疫苗是由其体内的树突状细胞和肿瘤细胞中提取的一种短肽（即治疗性疫苗），该短肽在免疫中作为_____________引起人体发生免疫反应。除树突状细胞外，斯坦曼体能够特异性识别这种短肽的细胞还有（至少写出3种）______________________________________。
（6）有人认为DC疫苗对防治癌症有一定的疗效，原因是：通过免疫反应斯坦曼体内的免疫系统产生抗体，抗体与该短肽特异性结合，使短肽失效。你认为这个解释对吗，____________，请说出你的理由：_________________________。（共2分）
（7）斯坦曼生前尝试注射过三种DC疫苗，却还是未能逃出死神的魔掌，请从免疫学的角度分析导致他死亡的可能原因是：________________________________________。

John was a bookseller. He didn’t like paying for anything. One day he let a big box of books fall on his foot. “Go to the doctor,” said his wife. “No,” he said, “I’ll wait until the doctor comes into the shop next time. Then I’ll ask about my foot. If I go to see him, I’ll have to pay him.”

The next day the doctor came into the shop and bought some books. When John was getting them ready, he told the doctor about his bad foot . The doctor looked at it. “Yes,” said the doctor, “you must put that foot in hot water every night.” “Thank you,” said the bookseller, “and now sir, here are your books.” “How much?” said the doctor. “Two pounds,” answered John. “Good,” said the doctor. “I shall not have to pay you anything.” “Why?” asked John in surprise. “I told you about your foot . I want two pounds for that . Good-bye.”

1.根据第一段John was a bookseller.描述,可知选C.

2.根据第一段One day he let a big box of books fall on his foot. 描述,可知选B.

3.根据第一段“Go to the doctor,” said his wife. 描述,可知选A.

4.根据第二段The next day the doctor came into the shop and bought some books.描述,可知选C.

5.根据said the doctor. “I shall not have to pay you anything.”及下文描述,可知一生一分钱也没有付.故选B.

6.What was John? He was ______.

A．a doctor          B．a shop assistant     C．a bookseller       D．a farmer

7.John hurt his foot because ______.

A．he didn’t like paying anything

B．a big box of books fell on his foot

C．he wanted to ask the doctor about his foot

D．a box of food fell on his foot

8.______ told him to go to the doctor.

A．His wife           B．A man            C．Nobody           D．His friend

9.When the doctor came the next day, he ______.

A．bought nothing

B．didn’t give John any advice on his foot

C．bought some books

D．told John to go to hospital

10.At last the doctor paid ______ for his books.

A．two pounds                            B．nothing

C．less than two pounds                     D．a little money

 

阅读短文，根据内容判断正误。正确的选“A”，错误的选“B”

Blogs (博客) are the place where young people go to reveal(释放) their souls（灵魂）. Many people enjoy the freedom in blogging. Some, however, find that putting one’s life online can have a price. Some students in America got suspensions (暂停) because on their blogs they posted threatening words to their teachers.

    Recent surveys found that nearly one fifth of teens who have access to the Web have their own blogs. And 38% of teens say they read other people’s blogs. By comparison, about a tenth of adults have their own blogs and a quarter say they read other people’s online journals.

    With the development of the Internet, more and more people will be engaged in blogging.

    In another survey, 79% of teens agreed that people at their age aren’t careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, careless blogging can also affect blog viewers. When you are angry or frustrated, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret(后悔) later. To reduce the negative effect, change the permission setting and make such posts “private” so that only you can read them.

    As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying one’s creative works.

1.       Blogs are the place where people go online to express themselves freely.

2.      The fact that some American students got suspensions is used to show that people should not put their life online. 

3.       The underline word “rational” in the fifth paragraph probably means reasonable（合理的）.

4.      The passage is mainly about advantages and disadvantages of blogs.

5.      Recent surveys found that over 50％ of teens who have access to the Web have their    own blogs.

 

 

 

Name                      Personal Information

Norman Bethune       ·Born in 1890 in Canada

·A doctor

·Came to China in 1938

·Died in 1939 in China

Celine

Dion ·Born in Montreal, Canada

·A singing star

·In 1997, sang My Heart Will Go On for the film Titanic

Thomas Edison  ·Born in 1847, Kentucky, the USA

·Made over 1,000 inventions

·Died in 1931

Bill

Gates         ·Born in 1955 in the USA

·Wrote Business at the Speed of Thought

·Owned Microsoft Company

Mark

Twain         ·Born in 1835 in the USA

·A writer

·Died in 1910

·Wrote Tom Sawyer

 

1.根据表格第三行描述,可知席琳迪翁出生在加拿大的蒙特利尔,故选D.

2.根据表格最后一行描述,可知马克吐温是个作家,他出生在1835年.故选B.

3.根据表格第三行描述,可知我心永恒是首歌曲的名字,故选C.

4.根据表格第二行描述,可知白求恩在1938年来到中国,在1939年去世,故他在中国生活了两年.选A.

5.根据表格第四行描述,可知爱迪生的发明超过一千多项.故选C.

6._______ is from Canada.

A. Bill Gates      B. Mark Twain             C. Thomas Edison                D. Celine Dion

7.The _____ was born in 1835.

A. inventor                 B. writer                      C. doctor                              D. singer

8.My Heart Will Go On is the name of a ______.

A. book                        B. film                                    C. song                                           D. story

9.Dr Bethune worked in China for about ______years.

A. 2                              B. 4                                        C. 6                                                 D. 8

10.Which of the following is true?

A. Mark Twain wrote Business at the Speed of Thought.

B. Bill Gates started working for Microsoft Company in 1995.

C. Thomas Edison made over 1,000 inventions.

D. Celine Dion stopped singing 1997.

 

Mr. Green and Mrs. Green have a son, Tom. They love him very much. Tom is only three years old. He likes asking questions.
One day Mr. Green is sitting in a chair. He is reading a book and he has a banana in his hand. He likes to eat one while(当…… 时候)reading. Tom comes in. He asks Mr. Green, “Daddy, what’s that?” Mr. Green is interested in(对……感兴趣) the book. He doesn’t hear Tom. Tom shakes(摇动) his father’s leg and asks again, “What’s this? Tell me!” “A leg!” says Mr. Green.
Tom goes out and says to Mrs. Green, “Mum, I want to eat a leg.”
【小题1】根据第一段Mr. Green and Mrs. Green have a son, Tom.可知选D
【小题2】根据第二段He is reading a book and he has a banana in his hand. He likes to eat one while(当…… 时候)reading.描述,可知选A.
【小题3】这篇短文主要描述了一个发生在格林夫妇和他们的儿子之间的故事,故本故事中有三个人,选B
【小题4】联系下文Tom goes out and says to Mrs. Green, “Mum, I want to eat a leg.”可知他的儿子问他正在吃什么.故选C.
【小题5】根据He is reading a book and he has a banana in his hand. He likes to eat one while(当…… 时候)reading.可知格林先生手中正拿着香蕉,联系下文,可知他的儿子想吃香蕉.故选D
【小题6】Mr. Green and Mrs. Green are Tom’s _______.

A．friends

B．teachers

C．classmates

D．parents

【小题7】Mr. Green likes to eat ______ while reading.

A．a banana

B．a book

C．a hand

D．a leg

【小题8】There are _______ people in this story.

A．two

B．three

C．four

D．five

【小题9】Tom asks Mr. Green what he is ________.

A．reading

B．shaking

C．eating

D．cooking

【小题10】Which of the following is right?

A．Tom likes answering question.	B．Tom wants to read the book.
C．Mrs. Green gives Tom a leg.	D．Tom wants to eat a banana.