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Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew (肌腱). And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.

Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch (缝合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.

Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.

American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.

Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle (脚踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical. It could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.

However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement (侵犯). Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties (版税). In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.

1.Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because __________.

A. people did not know how to put out the fire

B. Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his invention

C. the sewing machines couldn’t work finally

D. workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fire

2.Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elias Howe a lifetime of royalties?

A. Because the judge was against Singer for his unfriendly attitude.

B. Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.

C. Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.

D. Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.

3.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine

B. The Case between Howe and Singer

C. Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine

D. The Early History of the Sewing Machine

 

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Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew (). And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.

Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch (缝合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection. [来源:,Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.

American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.

Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle(脚踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.

However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement(侵犯). Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties(版税). In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.

1.Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____________.

A. people did not know how to put out the fire

B. Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his invention

C. the sewing machines was couldn’t work finally

D. workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fire

2.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage???

A. Singer is an American inventor and manufacturer.

B. The Singer sewing company became more practical.

C. The foot treadle helped to make the sewer’s hands free.

D. Singer made improvements to the design of sewing machines.

3.Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?

A. Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude.

B. Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.

C. Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.

D. Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine

B. The Case between Howe and Singer

C. Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine

D. The Early History of the Sewing Machine

 

查看答案和解析>>

Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew. And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.
Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch(缝合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.
Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.
American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.
Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle(脚踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.
However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement(侵犯). Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties(版税). In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention

  1. 1.

    Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____________

    1. A.
      people did not know how to put out the fire
    2. B.
      Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his invention
    3. C.
      the sewing machines was couldn’t work finally
    4. D.
      workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fire
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

    1. A.
      Singer is an American inventor and manufacturer
    2. B.
      The Singer sewing company became more practical
    3. C.
      The foot treadle helped to make the sewer’s hands free
    4. D.
      Singer made improvements to the design of sewing machines
  3. 3.

    Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?

    1. A.
      Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude
    2. B.
      Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer
    3. C.
      Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it
    4. D.
      Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine
  4. 4.

    Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

    1. A.
      Stitch in Time Saves Nine
    2. B.
      The Case between Howe and Singer
    3. C.
      Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine
    4. D.
      The Early History of the Sewing Machine

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阅读理解。
     "The world has never been a better place to live in,"says science writer Matt Ridley,"and it will keep
on getting better." Ridley's critics have accused him of his views on climate change and the free market.Yet Ridley,54,sticks to his guns."It is not mad to believe in a happy future for people and the planet.
"he says.Ridley,who's been a foreign correspondent,a zoologist,an economist,and a financier,brings a
broad view to his sunny outlook."People say I'm bonkers to claim the world will go on getting better.
yet I can't stop myself,"he says.Read on to see how Ridley makes his case.
     Compared with 50 years ago,when I was just four years old,the average human now earns nearly
three times as much money,eats one third more calories,and can expect to live one third longer.In fact,
it's hard to find any region of the world that's worse off now than it was then,even though the global
population has more than doubled over that period.
     City citizens take up less space,use less energy,and have less impact on natural ecosystems than
country livers.The world's cities now contain over half its people,but they occupy less than 3 percent
of its land.Urban growth may worry environmentalism,but living in the country is not the best way to
care for the earth.The best thing we can do for the planet is build more skyscrapers.
     The rich get richer,but the poor do even better.Between 1980 and 2000,the poor doubled their
consumption.Nigerians are twice as rich and live nine more years.The percentage of the world's
people living in absolute poverty has dropped by over half.The United Nations estimates that poverty
was reduced more in the past 50 years than in the previous 500.
1.Ridley's attitude towards the human future is        .
A.worried      
B.proud      
C.concerned      
D.optimistic
2.According to Paragraph 2,the improvement of people's life is great in their        .
A.earning much money,eating more and living happily
B.earning more money,better food and living longer
C.spending more money,richer food and easy life
D.higher pay,various food and active life
3.The writer believes that        .
A.urban living is a good thing          
B.all people should live in cities
C.living in the countryside causes trouble  
D.tall buildings should be built in the country
4.The last paragraph mainly tells us that        .
A.the poor people benefit more than the rich      
B.poverty in the world nearly disappears
C.the percentage of the rich has dropped by over half
D.the rich get more benefit than the ordinary people
5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.Go ahead!      
B.Calm Down!    
C.Cheer Up!    
D.Take Care!

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It has been more than twenty years since pioneering British computer programmer, Sir Tim Berners Lee, created the World Wide Web. But could he have ever imagined how much the web would change our lives? And would he approve of how some British students are taking advantage of his invention?
Universities and exam boards around the UK are becoming increasingly concerned with the rising number of cases of plagiarism, many of which are facilitated (助长) by the Internet access.
In the UK most school and university students complete coursework throughout the academic year which contributes toward their final mark. In many cases coursework makes up the main part of the qualification. Since coursework is completed in the students’ own time it cannot be monitored by teachers in the same way as an exam.
Derec Stockley, director of examinations in the UK, explains, “Plagiarism affects coursework more than anything else, and in the cases that come to our attention, more and more are linked to the Internet.”
At a university level recent reports suggest that plagiarism has evolved from separate cases of individual cheating to systematic and even commercial operation. Students can now pay for bespoke essays to be written for them by experts.
It is estimated that the market in online plagiarism is now worth 200 million pounds a year. Every month more and more websites offering to write student’s essays for them appear on the Internet.
Barclay Littlewood, owner of Degree Essays UK employs 3,500 specialist writers and charges between 120 pounds and 4,000 pounds per essay. However, Mr. Littlewood refutes the accusation that he is helping students to cheat.
【小题1】What dose the underlined word “plagiarism” in Paragraph 2 mean in the passage?

A.problems of the InternetB.cheating
C.learning pressureD.coursework
【小题2】Which of the following statements is mentioned by the author?
A.There will be no problem if online plagiarism is a systematic and commercial operation.
B.With the help of online plagiarism, students can write more creative coursework.
C.The Internet seems to have contributed much to the problem of online plagiarism.
D.Teachers should lay more emphasis on exams than coursework.
【小题3】It can be inferred from the text that the author seems to _____.
A.blame Sir Tim Berners Lee for having created the World Wide Web
B.have studied the problem of online plagiarism for nearly 20 years
C.be in favour of Littlewood’s defence against the accusation of him
D.worry about the quality of students’ coursework influenced by the World Wide Web
【小题4】The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_____.
A.Mr. Littlewood’s defence against those who accused him of his website
B.different people’s opinions on plagiarism
C.how students use the website of Mr. Littlewood
D.the author’s opinions of Mr. Littlewood

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