Scientists say they have discovered a promising treatment for sleeping sickness, a killer disease that infects(感染) about 60,000 people in Africa a year.
British and Canadian experts say drugs could attack the parasite（寄生虫） causing the illness needs to survive. They say the drug could be ready for human medical test in about 18 months.
The disease, spread by the bite of a fly, is caused by a parasite attacking the central nervous system. It has similar symptoms（症状） to malaria（疟疾）, making it difficult to diagnose. Left untreated, it moves to the brain, resulting in mental confusion and final death
The "breakthrough" came at the University of Dundee in Scotland, where scientists were offered money to research diseases ignored by major drugs companies.
Professor Paul Wyatt, director of the programme, said: "This is one of the most significant findings made in recent years in terms of drug discovery and development for ignored diseases."
He said the research, published in the journal Nature, represented "significant progress" in the development of a full blown drug against the disease.
The World Health Organization said there are between 50,000 and 70,000 cases of the disease a year, with a further 60 million people at risk of infection.
The research in Dundee was backed by partners at the University of York in England and the Structural Genomics Consortium in Toronto, Canada. The two drugs currently available to treat sleeping sickness both have problems. One is with side effects that kill one in 20 patients and the other is costly, only partially effective and requires long-time hospital treatment, the scientists said.
【小题1】The word backedin the last paragraph probably means_____.

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The luxury of eating an apple on Mars could cost as much as US $22,000. That's because it costs about US $120,000 to launch a kilogram of anything into deep space. So getting enough food into orbit is a big problem facing astronauts on a trip to Mars.
After NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has no current plans to send astronauts to Mars, related research is being carried out—including the production of food. Astronauts on the international Space Station usually eat primarily freeze-dried food to which they add water. However, the weight of the packaging—almost as much as the food inside—costs a lot of money. The biggest problem of all is a psychological one.
Scientists believe that astronauts will suffer without the variety offered by fresh vegetables. The answer is to grow at least some of the food. On a short trip it is imagined that astronauts will eat vegetables such as lettuce, spinach and carrots grown in a refrigerator-sized unit known as a "salad machine". On longer journeys they will actually grow vegetables in greenhouses on Mars. Martian astronauts will eat a vegetarian diet since it will not be practical to raise animals. To make up for the lack of meat, recipes have been created to add as much variety to the diet as possible, using only a basic number of products. It uses heat and mechanical force to transform soybeans into meat and cheese substitutes（代替品）. The prized result of this research is a purely vegetable-based pizza with meat and cheese substitutes .
41. What is the best title for this story?
A. Space Food                                          B. Astronauts' Problem
C. The Packaging of Space Food          D. Mars Rover-Spirit
42. What is the main problem with the diet of astronauts on the international Space Station now?
A. The packaging is too expensive.
B. Only fresh vegetables are offered.
C. Too much water is needed for dried food.
D. There are not enough choices of food.
43. What is the "salad machine" in the spaceship for?
A. It stores vegetables.                 B. It grows vegetables.
C. It cooks green salad.                D. It mixes green salad.
44. From the passage we know that the diet plan for Martian astronauts is short of     .
A. Vegetables.               B. A special kind of Pizza.            C. Meat.         D. Soybeans

Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for—its stadium(运动场)and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii's people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2 000 years.

Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22 000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass?covered volcano(火山). Mount Vesuvius had not erupted(喷发)for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not.

In August of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.

For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly,carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79. There were streets and fountains, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20 000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread too, metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread—a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today.

Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eyemakeup.

Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.

1.Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?

A.To visit the volcano.   

B.To shop and eat there.

C.To watch sports and plays.   

D.To see how Pompeiians lived. 

2.Why had so many Pompeiians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius?

A.The city nearby offered all kinds of fun.

B.The area produced the finest wine in Italy.

C.Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.

D.The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass. 

3.Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?

A.Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.

B.Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.

C.Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.

D.Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.

4.What do we know about the Pompeiians who lived 2 000 years ago?

A.They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.

B.They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.

C.They enjoyed a lazy life with drinking and eating.

D.They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79. 

第二节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
About 70 scientists worked on a very busy project. They were really 36.______ because of the pressure of work and the demands of their 37.______. However, everyone liked him and did not 38.______ quitting their job.
One day, one scientist came to him and said, “Sir, I have promised my 39.______ that I will take them to an exhibition, 40.______ I want to leave the office at 5:30 pm.”
His boss said, “You’re 41.______ to leave the office early today.”
The scientist started working. He 42.______ his work after having lunch. 43.______, he had such a heavy work load that he looked at his 44.______ only when he felt he was about to 45.______ the work. The time was 8:30 pm. 46.______, he remembered the promise he had 47.______. He hurriedly left the office, feeling 48.______ to have disappointed the ones he loved so much. He got home, but only his wife was in.
“Where are they?” he asked.
His wife 49.______, “You don’t know? Your boss came here at 5:15 pm and took them to the exhibition.”
What had really happened was like this. The boss noticed him working 50.______ at 5:00 pm. He thought to himself, “This person will not 51.______ the work. But if he has promised his children, they should enjoy the 52.______ to the exhibition.” So he offered to take them to the exhibition.
The boss does not have to do it 53.______, but once it is done, loyalty（忠诚）is established. That is why all those scientists continued to work 54.______ him even though the work was too 55.______.
36.   A. afraid B. angry  C. tired   D. bored
37.   A. boss    B. partner       C. teacher       D. company
38.   A. keep on      B. set off C. make up     D. think of    
39.   A. students     B. friends       C. children     D. parents
40. A. as       B. so       C. but     D. if
41.   A. meant B. refused       C. allowed      D. fired
42.   A. continued   B. finished      C. checked      D. reduced
43. A. So far B. As a result  C. As usual     D. For example
44.   A. timetable    B. watch  C. tools   D. papers
45.   A. design B. report C. hate    D. complete
46.   A. Suddenly   B. Strangely   C. Unexpectedly     D. Unfortunately
47.   A. done   B. set      C. made  D. had
48.   A. painful       B. shy     C. excited       D. sorry
49.   A. begged       B. replied       C. whispered   D. shouted
50.   A. carelessly   B. skillfully    C. unhappily   D. seriously
51.   A. value  B. leave   C. choose       D. like
52.   A. promise     B. way    C. visit    D. interest
53.   A. every time  B. on purpose C. at once       D. in turn
54.   A. on      B. at       C. under  D. in
55.   A. dangerous  B. boring C. worthless    D. much

In recent years, especially during the l960s, there was much discussion about “the brain drain (排干, 流失),” which dealt with the problem of students and learned people who left their own countries for other countries that offered better chances for study, research, and employment．For example, according to a report from U．N., between 1962 and l966 more than 50 percent of all engineering graduates of Iran and 14 percent of Iranian scientists left their country for work abroad．Over 30 percent of Chilean engineers and 15 percent of Turkish physicians also went to work in other countries．Probably the greatest brain drain occurred among young scientists who had gone abroad to study．Many of them had planned to return to their countries to teach but chose to remain in more industrialized nations where they were able to continue their work and their research in fields in which there were no job possibilities at home．The countries that attracted most of these scientists were the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, and Australia.

　　Recent studies show that the brain drain to the United States may be decreasing．Many foreign scientists are going home again, and in some cases American scientists are leaving the United States for employment in other countries．The main reasons are that good jobs are becoming fewer here, money for national research has been sharply cut, and university fellowships reduced too．However, in the field of medicine the drain to the United States still goes on．Today more than one of every five American doctors is foreign - born, and several thousand foreign doctors immigrate to the United States each year．Over eighty countries have asked the State Department to send students who are skilled in important fields such as medicine back home when their study programs are over.

1.Which of the following is not the reason for “the brain drain”?

A．Good housing.　　           B．Better research condition.

C．Good job possibility　　      D．Better chances of study..

2.The brain drain to the United States may be decreasing mainly because __________.

A．many foreign scientists are ordered to return to their motherlands

B．they don't need any foreign scientists now

C．there are fewer and fewer good jobs in the USA

D．the universities refuse to provide money for the foreign scientists

3.How many American doctors are foreign - born?

A．About half of them.　 　 B More than 20 percent　

C．Several thousand.　　    D．About 15 percent.

4.Which is the best title for this passage?

A．How to seek a job in the USA.　　  B．Doctors' immigration to the USA.

C．A strange case.                  D．The brain drain.