What is teaching? It’s a difficult question to answer. In fact, as long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children”.

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

44. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________.

A. reading enriches children’s experience

B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

D. children become highly motivated

45. The instruction of reading will be successful if         .

A. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

B. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students　　

C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

46. The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “        ”.

A. inquiry　　　　        B. suspicion                C. control　　                    D. observation

47. The main idea of the passage is that ________.

A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

C. reading is more complicated than generally believed

D. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

 It’s a difficult skill to master, but ______, it will benefit you for the rest of your life.

A. once obtained                                             B. when to obtain

C. after obtaining                                             D. while obtaining

 

       根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，在答题卡指定区域的横线上写出对应单词的正确形式，每空只写一词。

1 The           (大多数)were religious men, whose ministry was important

2            (显然地) he’d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident.

3 It’s a difficult task to             (承担)

4 But others will survive and pass on the ability to           (抵抗)that disease.

5 I decide to         (抓住)the opportunity

6 We           (愉快地)released them all back into the wild.

7 You can place a man by just a few            (言论)

8  And I came to England to make your                 (相识)

9  I’m sorry to            (打断) you but how they live here?

10 He began to use it like a             (铁锤) striking the edge of the scraper.

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 s5u.com

A

Your Genes, Your Future

How would you feel if someone gave you an envelope with a description of every one of your genes? Supposing this information could tell you what illnesses you were likely to get, or even what illness you might die of, would you open the envelope?

It's a difficult question to answer. But the fact is that scientists have already begun to discover how certain genes influence us. And in the next decade, they will learn a lot more.

We have known for a long time that many of our physical characteristics are inherited. For example, our eye colour and certain diseases are decided by our genes. As long as you have a good diet, scientists can predict your height by looking at your parents' heights. And we now know that the need to wear glasses has a genetic cause. Our eating habits also appear to be decided by our genes!

With other characteristics, things are not so clear. Certainly, scientists have now shown that some traits are strongly influenced by our genes. Do you prefer getting up early or late? To a great extent, it's your genes that decide, Do you enjoy dangerous sports such as car racing? There is a gene that influences how much excitement we need.

But with most psychological characteristics, scientists are learning that both our genes and our environment affect us. This is true of things such as how violent we are, and how well we get on with other people. So, even though scientists may soon be able to describe our genes in detail, it does not mean they will be able to predict our future with any real success.

Nonetheless, the fact is that scientists will be able to "read" our genes in the near future. This will create new problems. To give a few examples, insurance companies may not want to insure people whose genes predict certain illnesses. Employers may not want to employ people who have a gene for violence. One thing is already clear -- with these new developments, life is going to become even more complicated!

56. Which characteristics is mostly likely to be inherited?

   A. Eye colour.      B. Interest.       C. Future.     D. Ability.

57. What kind of problem will these new developments create?

   A. You may die of a certain illness described in the envelope.

   B. There will be an increased number of violent people.

   C. People may take part in dangerous sports such as car racing.

   D. Insurance companies may refuse to insure people with a gene for certain disease.

58. Why won’t scientists be able to tell us a lot about our future?

   A. Because we’re affected not only by our genes but also by our environment.

   B. Because scientists will not able to read our genes in the near future.

   C. Because life in the future will be more complicated.

   D. Because scientists can’t describe our genes in detail.

B

                       Your Genes, Your Future

How would you feel if someone gave you an envelope with a description of every one of your genes? Supposing this information could tell you what illnesses you were likely to get, or even what illness you might die of, would you open the envelope?

It's a difficult question to answer. But the fact is that scientists have already begun to discover how certain genes influence us. And in the next decade, they will learn a lot more.

We have known for a long time that many of our physical characteristics are inherited（继承）. For example, our eye colour and certain diseases are decided by our genes. As long as you have a good diet, scientists can predict your height by looking at your parents' heights. And we now know that the need to wear glasses has a genetic cause. Our eating habits also appear to be decided by our genes!

With other characteristics, things are not so clear. Certainly, scientists have now shown that some traits（特性，特质） are strongly influenced by our genes. Do you prefer getting up early or late? To a great extent, it's your genes that decide. Do you enjoy dangerous sports such as car racing? There is a gene that influences how much excitement we need.

But with most psychological characteristics, scientists are learning that both our genes and our environment affect us. This is true of things such as how violent we are, and how well we get on with other people. So, even though scientists may soon be able to describe our genes in detail, it does not mean they will be able to predict our future with any real success.

Nevertheless, the fact is that scientists will be able to "read" our genes in the near future. This will create new problems. To give a few examples, insurance companies may not want to insure people whose genes predict certain illnesses. Employers may not want to employ people who have a gene for violence. One thing is already clear -- with these new developments, life is going to become even more complicated!

60. Which characteristics is mostly likely to be inherited?

A. Eye color.      B. Interest.       C. Future.     D. Ability.

61. What kind of problem will these new developments create?

A. You may die of a certain illness described in the envelope.

B. There will be an increased number of violent people.

C. People may take part in dangerous sports such as car racing.

D. Insurance companies may refuse to insure people with a gene for certain disease.

62. Why won’t scientists be able to tell us a lot about our future?

A. Because we’re affected not only by our genes but also by our environment.

B. Because scientists will not be able to read our genes in the near future.

C. Because life in the future will be more complicated.

D. Because scientists can’t describe our genes in detail.