People can be addicted to different things―e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive; i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; they feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational― impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasures that they get from the things they buy.

   There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

  It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people’s need for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

  Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help individuals solve their personal problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

67. According to psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money ____.

A.and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys.

B.in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life.

C.just to meet his or her strong psychological need.

D.entirely with an irrational eagerness.

68. According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices______.

A.because they want to save money to help their budgets

B.because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for less money

C.and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budget

D.but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can’t get things for less money than others

69. The passage is mainly concerned with____.

A. the psychology of moneyspending habits

B. the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders.

C. a special psychology of bargain hunting

D. the use of the psychology of spending habits in business

70. Which of the following statements is true?

A.All people spend money for exactly the same reason they need to buy things

B.Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales.

C.Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do

D.Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.

 71..From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters_____.

A. are really unreasonable .     

B. need special treatment.

C. are really beyond remedies（治疗）.

D. can never get any help to solve their problems with money.

People can be addicted to different things, e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television.  People who have such an addiction are compulsive (难以抑制的); i. e.  , they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy.  According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; they feel that they must spend money.  This compulsion, like most others, is irrational – impossible to explain reasonably.  For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money.  In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything.  Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasures that they get from the things they buy.

There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting.  To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts.  Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don’t need just because they are cheap.  They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning.  Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people.  Stores, companies and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people’s need for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy” to help individuals solve their personal problems.  In the same was, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

1.  According to psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money       .

       A. and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys  

B. in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

       C. just to meet his or her strong psychological need   

D. entirely with an irrational eagerness

2. According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices         .

       A. because they want to save money to help their budgets

       B. because they can have the feeling of winning others in getting things for less money

       C. and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budget

       D. but they often admit they feel dissatisfied if they can get things for less money than others

3. The passage is mainly concerned with          .

       A. the psychology of money – spending habits  

B. the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders

       C. a special psychology of bargain hunting     

D. the use of the psychology of spending habits in business

4. Which of the following statements is true?

       A. All people spend money for exactly the same reason they need to buy things.

       B. Business people and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales.

       C. Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do.

       D. Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.

5. From the passage we may safely concluded that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters         .

       A. are really unreasonable         

B. need special treatment

       C. are really beyond treatment      

D. can never get any help to solve their problems with money

Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over                1.__________

the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since                 2.__________

long ago ,many adults and children called their friends together                3.___________

to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people             4.__________

like to play is that sports help them to like happily .In other words,              5.__________

they help to keep people strong and feel good . When people are             6.__________

playing games, they move a lot .That is how sports are good activities          7.__________

for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy.           8.__________

Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American           9._________

big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.           10.________

Almost everyone is afraid of something --- snakes, heights, public speaking and so on.

         It is normal and can even be helpful to experience fear sometimes. In dangerous situations, fear can keep our bodies alert (警醒的) so that we can act quickly to protect ourselves.

         But for some people, fear develops into a “phobia”, which is a strong and unreasonable fear of something. For example, the majority of us feel a little scared when looking down from a tall building. But people with height phobia may have trouble breathing, feel dizzy or turn down a great job just because the company is on the 20th floor.

         Phobias can prevent you from living a normal life. “People with spider phobia would stay out of their home or dormitory room for days if they thought a spider was present,” Katherina Hauner, a researcher at Northwestern University, US, told ABC news. This is why scientists have been trying to find a cure for this disease.

         Since fear comes from experience --- from what we are told, what we see others experience and what happens to us --- some scientists think if they can “rewrite” these unpleasant memories, they might be able to help people overcome their phobias.

         In a study by Hauner and other scientists, participants with spider phobia were asked to first touch a spider with a paintbrush. Seeing that it was not actually dangerous, they then tried touching it while wearing a glove. Finally, they could hold it with their hands.

         Certain medicine has also been found to be helpful. Back in 2010, researchers at the University of Hiroshima, Japan, injected (注射) a special medicine into a fish --- who was afraid of light --- to turn off the fear center in its brain. From then on, the fish no longer feared light.

         While the search for solutions to phobias is making great progress, it’s an open question whether getting rid of fear is good. Some people want to use these methods to make soldiers fight harder in wars by taking away their sense of fear. Dave Smithson of the charity Anxiety UK thinks that’s a bad idea. “It’s fear that prevents us from doing crazy things,” he says. “There’s a name for people who don’t have fear of consequences: psychopaths (精神变态者).

1.The main point of the article is to ___________.

A. show us what kind of role fear plays in our lives

B. discuss if it is good to try to get rid of fear

C. inform us of fear and phobia

D. discuss scientific studies related to fear

2.How does the writer make the meaning of “phobia” clear?

A. By making comparisons.                                     B. By giving examples.

C. By giving data in numbers.                               D. By giving descriptions.

3.Which of the following shows the progress scientists have made in finding solutions to phobia?

A. New medicine can shut off fear centers in animal brains whenever needed.

B. They can use phobias to keep our bodies alert so that we can protect ourselves.

C. They can now reduce the pain which is connected with phobia.

D. They have succeeded in helping some people ignore memories related to phobia.

4.Which of the following would Dave Smithson probably agree with?

A. There is nothing to fear except fear itself.    

B. We should not let fear affect our decisions.

C. Fear is not a completely bad thing.

D. Without fear, everyone would be brave.