题目列表(包括答案和解析)
YOU don’t need millions to be happy. In fact, at The Happiness Institute in Australia, a couple of hundred dollars may be enough.
The institute opened its doors last year, and, since then, men and women of all ages have been paying A$200 an hour (US$140) for l essons on how to feel great.
“You can actually increase your happiness levels. That’s what we teach,” said Timothy Sharp, founder of the institute.
Experts say that only about 15 per cent of happiness comes from income, assets and other financial factors. As much as 85 per cent comes from things such as attitude, life control and relationships.
Most of us are significantly better off financially than our parents and grandparents, but happiness levels haven’t changed to reflect that.
Studies show that once the basic needs of shelter and food are met, additional wealth adds very little to happiness.
Many decades ago, the “sage of Baltimore, Maryland”, editor HL Mencken, defined wealth as earning US$100 more than your “wife’s sister’s husband.”
Behavioral economists now say part of the reason we are richer but not happier is because we compare ourselves to people better off materially.
“The argument is that if you want to be happy there’s a very simple thing you can do: Compare yourself to people who are less well off than you — poorer, smaller house, car,” said Sharp.
The Happiness Institute aims to show you how to overcome these unhappiness factors by focusing on “more than just your bank account.”
“If I compare myself to Bill Gates then I’m always going to be down,” said Sharp.
A better thing to compare with, he said, might be Kerry Packer, Australia’s richest person who has had a kidney transplant and heart surgery in recent years.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You can increase your happiness levels by attending the classes at the Happiness Institute.
B. Most of us are happier than our parents or grandparents since we earn more.
C. Earning US$ 100 more than your wife’s sister’s husband if you want to be happy.
D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Packer are examples of those who are extremely rich but obviously unhappy.
2. The underlined phrase has the same meaning as the word _______.
A. healthy B. unhealthy C. free D. wealthy
3. The author wrote the passage to tell us _______.
A. happiness is everything
B. wealth is the foundation of happiness
C. have fun at the Happiness Institute
D. money doesn’t always mean happiness
Everyone has good days and bad days.
Sometimes, you feel as if you're on top of the world．But occasionally you feel horrible, and you lose things and you cannot focus on your schoolwork.
For more than 20 years, scientists have suggested that high self-esteem (自尊) is the key to success. Now, new research shows that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, having high self-esteem can bring bad results if it makes you less likeable or more upset when you fail at something.
"Forget about self-esteem," says Jennifer Crocker, a psychologist (心理学家) at the University of Michigan, US. "It's not the important thing."
Feeling good
Crocker's advice may sound a bit strange because it is good to feel good about yourself.
Studies show that people with high self-esteem are less likely to be depressed, anxious, shy, or lonely than those with low self-esteem.
But, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on self-esteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, has found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person.
He believes that violent and wicked (邪恶的) people often have the highest self-esteem of all. He also said: "There's no evidence that kids with high self-esteem do better in school."
Problems
All types of people have problems. People with high self-esteem can have big egos (自我) that can make them less likeable to their peers (同龄人), said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University.
People with high self-esteem tend to think more of themselves, Vohs says. People with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help.
What to do
Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people. Find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail at something try to learn from the experience. "The best therapy (药方) is to recognize your faults," Vohs says. "It's OK to say, 'I'm not so good at that,' and then move on."
The new research comes to the conclusion that high self-esteem ______.
A．is not important at all B．has taken on a different meaning
C．may not be the key to success D．does not help you do better at school
One of the conclusions of the new research is that ______.
A．feeling good about oneself doesn’t mean you lead a happier life
B．people with high esteem usually do not seek other’s help
C．people with high esteem tend to be proud
D．people with low esteem are often more popular
The underlined part “a better person” in the passage probably means a person who is ______.
A．helpful and supportive B．gentle and modest
C．likable and successful D．friendly and kind
From the text, we can infer the best therapy mentioned in the last paragraph is mainly for
people _______.
A．with high self-esteem B．with low self-esteem
C．of all kinds D．who are focusing on building self-esteem
The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.
“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.
This finding may seem counterintuitive(违反直觉的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.
Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(认知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.
Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker word and space reasoning.
Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.
B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.
C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.
D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores.
2.The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3 suggests:
A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning.
B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning.
C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement.
D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking.
3.From the passage we can learn that .
A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoning
B．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarily
C．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholics
D．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores
4.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking
B．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics
C．alcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores
D．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking
5.The purpose of this passage is .
A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking
B．to tell us why people are addicted to smoking
C．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning
D．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette
Everyone has good days and bad days.
Sometimes, you feel as if you’re on top of the world. But occasionally you feel horrible, and you lose things and you cannot focus on your schoolwork.
For more than 20 years, scientists have suggested that high self-esteem（自尊）is the key to success. Now, new research shows that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, having high self-esteem can bring bad results if it makes you less likeable or more upset when you fail at something.
“Forget about self-esteem,” says Jennifer Crocker, a psychologist（心理学家）at the University of Michigan, US. “It’s not the important thing.”
Feeling good
Crocker’s advice may sound a bit strange because it is good to feel good about yourself.
Studies show that people with high self-esteem are less likely to be depressed, anxious, shy, or lonely than those with low self-esteem.w(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m
But, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on self-esteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, has found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person.
He believes that violent and wicked（邪恶的）people often have the highest self-esteem of all. He also said: “There’s no evidence that kids with high self-esteem do better in school.”
Problems
All types of people have problems. People with high self-esteem can have big egos（自我）that can make them less likeable to their peers（同龄人）,said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University.
People with high self-esteem tend to think more of themselves, Vohs says. People with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help.
What to do
Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people. Find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail at something try to learn from the experience. “The best therapy（药方）is to recognize your faults,” Vohs says. “It’s OK to say, I’m not so good at that, and then move on.”
It is concluded in the research that high self-esteem_________.
A. is not important at all
B. has taken on a different meaning
C. may not be the key to success
D. does not help you do better at schoolw(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m
According to the research, people with high self-esteem_________.
A. have better relationship with people of their own age
B. are more likely to become violent and wicked
C. tend to be proud and do not care much about others
D. often feel depressed and can’t focus on their work
The advice in the last paragraph is mainly for people___________.
A. with high self-esteem B. with low self-esteem
C. who are still at school D. who are good at everything
American middle school students don’t seem to care that they’re worse at maths than their counterparts (同龄人) in China’s Hong Kong and Finland. “I don’t need it,” my student says, “I’m going to be a basketball star.” Or a car mechanic, or a singer.
Middle school students’ maths skills were tested by the International Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. The United States ranked 28th out of 41 countries tested. After all, when was the last time you used algebra (代数)？
But maths isn’t just about training Americans to become scientists. It has its own value. It helps you see patterns and develops your logic skills, and it teaches you to concentrate and to separate truth from falsehood. Maths helps you make wise financial decisions, so you can avoid false claims from advertisers, politicians and others. It helps you determine risk. For example, after an airplane crash, studies show that people are more likely to drive than to take a plane in spite of the fact that they are much more likely to be killed or injured while driving. Planes are not like criminals who repeat the same crime over and over. One plane is not more likely to crash just because another plane recently did. In fact, the most dangerous time to drive is probably right after a plane crash because so many people are on the road.
It is not possible to really understand science and the scientific method without understanding maths. A rainbow is even more beautiful and amazing when we understand it.
The precision (精确性) of maths helps us think in a very special way. How do we bring the learning of maths back to life? I don’t have the big answer. I try my best to help pupils find answers to some maths problems. When I can get one to say, “Wow, that’s great,” I feel the joy of a small victory.
【小题1】Some American students don’t care about their poor maths results because __________.
| A．maths is useless to most people |
| B．they have no interest in maths |
| C．they think maths has nothing to do with their future |
| D．they don’t do well in maths |
| A．every coin has its two sides |
| B．we should not be cheated by fault facts |
| C．maths is close to our daily life |
| D．a simple fact shows complicated rules |
| A．it’s normal that America kids are weak in maths |
| B．without maths we’ll miss much in our life |
| C．maths is the most important subject at school |
| D．American kids don’t work hard at school |
| A．a student career guide | B．a researcher on students’ problems |
| C．a specialist in students’ studies | D．a maths teacher |
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