题目列表(包括答案和解析)
A political scientist from Indiana University whose work exploring how people come together to protect their collective （共有的）resources may provide important clues in the fight against elimate change has become the first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics.
Elinor Ostrom, 76, shares the award with fellow American academic Oliver E. Williamson, 77. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced to the world the pair had been chosen to win the 40th prize in economic sciences.
For Ostrom, the award came, as she showed, as a “big surprise”. To rise to the summit of her area of learning has been an big journey, as she has had to struggle against her own weaknesses and the impediments （妨碍）of the system. At school in Los Angeles she suffered from stuttering（口吃）. She also faced the hurdles （障碍） common to most women of her generation entering the sciences--she was discouraged from taking a PhD when she applied for graduate school.
Her field of study has been striking for how cross-disciplinary （交叉训练的）it is. Early on she gained a reputation for bringing economics, political science and sociology together.
What interests her is how common property can be managed successfully through groups in society. One of the first subjects that interested her was management of water resources.
The findings of her research have been striking, because they have challenged the traditional idea that common property is poorly managed unless it is either regulated by government or privatized. She has shown how individuals can work together and form collectives that protect the resource at hand.
“A lot of people are waiting for more international co-operation to solve global warming,” said Ostrom, “It is important that there is international agreement, but we can take steps at family level community level, and national level … There are many steps that can be taken. That will not solve it on their own but continuously will make a big difference.”
1. Why was Ostrom not advised to take a PhD?
A. Because she was a stutter who didn’t speak fluently.
B. Because she was a woman who was prejudiced then.
C. Because she was as common as other women in science.
D. Because she didn’t receive a degree of master yet.
2. Which of the following statements may Ostrom agree to?
A. Only government can make full use of common property.
B. Private enterprise can control individual behavior.
C. Different people should work together to protect the resources.
D. Individuals play a minor role in fighting climate change.
3. Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics because _______.
A. she brought economics and political science into sociology
B. she predicted the breakout of the global financial crisis
C. she worked on the relationship between individuals and government
D. she put forward a new theory to help fight against climate change
4. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. the Nobel Prize for economics was first won by a woman
B. Elinor Ostrom’s work may help fight poverty
C. the first woman won the Nobel Prize in America
D. the Nobel Prize for economics is shared this year
College and university graduations in the United States are arriving earlier each year as the average length of school year gets shorter．
The school year has fallen by nearly six weeks，from 197days in 1964to 156days in 1994，according to the National Association of Scholars． 1 ，most American kindergarten，elementary（初等的）and high school students are 2 to spend 180days a year in their schools．The length of the average class period also has 3 ，from more than 57minutes to less than 54，the Association reports．
“The 4 has to be that students are simply 5 less，”said the director of the Association．“If you count the actual 6 of contact hours，you'll find they are 7 four years in college getting an education that would have taken about 8 years in 1964．”
The universities argue that they are simply teaching more 9 ．“The traditional idea that learning 10 in the classroom and through reading and writing 11 based on seat time is out of date，” said a spokesman for the American Council on Education． 12 than attending lectures，students now chat with their professors on their computers or use other types of 13 technology，allowing for a shorter school year，he said．“It is very 14 that，in many schools，they are going to spend less time 15 than they used to．”
1．A．By comparison B．In particular C．Strangely enough D．As a result
2．A．intended B．required C．requested D．inquired
3．A．fallen B．declined C．oppressed D．lowered
4．A．reason B．cause C．conclusion D．condition
5．A．playing B B．learning C．working D．paying
6．A．number B．times C．need D．arrangement
7．A．spending B．given C．living D．asked
8．A．five B．two C．three D．six
9．A．quickly B．thoroughly C．wisely D．efficiently
10．A．came B．took place C．started D．appeared
11．A．questions B．books C．assignments D．texts
12．A．Rather B．More C．Less D．Easier
13．A．knowledge B．information C．message D．intelligence
14．A．possibly B．probably C．lovely D．likely
15．A．at home B．in the laboratory C．in the classroom D．on computer
A political scientist from Indiana University whose work exploring how people come together to protect their collective （共有的）resources may provide important clues in the fight against elimate change has become the first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics.
Elinor Ostrom, 76, shares the award with fellow American academic Oliver E. Williamson, 77. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced to the world the pair had been chosen to win the 40th prize in economic sciences.
For Ostrom, the award came, as she showed, as a “big surprise”. To rise to the summit of her area of learning has been an big journey, as she has had to struggle against her own weaknesses and the impediments （妨碍）of the system. At school in Los Angeles she suffered from stuttering（口吃）. She also faced the hurdles （障碍） common to most women of her generation entering the sciences--she was discouraged from taking a PhD when she applied for graduate school.
Her field of study has been striking for how cross-disciplinary （交叉训练的）it is. Early on she gained a reputation for bringing economics, political science and sociology together.
What interests her is how common property can be managed successfully through groups in society. One of the first subjects that interested her was management of water resources.
The findings of her research have been striking, because they have challenged the traditional idea that common property is poorly managed unless it is either regulated by government or privatized. She has shown how individuals can work together and form collectives that protect the resource at hand.
“A lot of people are waiting for more international co-operation to solve global warming,” said Ostrom, “It is important that there is international agreement, but we can take steps at family level community level, and national level … There are many steps that can be taken. That will not solve it on their own but continuously will make a big difference.”
1. Why was Ostrom not advised to take a PhD?
A. Because she was a stutter who didn’t speak fluently.
B. Because she was a woman who was prejudiced then.
C. Because she was as common as other women in science.
D. Because she didn’t receive a degree of master yet.
2. Which of the following statements may Ostrom agree to?
A. Only government can make full use of common property.
B. Private enterprise can control individual behavior.
C. Different people should work together to protect the resources.
D. Individuals play a minor role in fighting climate change.
3. Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics because _______.
A. she brought economics and political science into sociology
B. she predicted the breakout of the global financial crisis
C. she worked on the relationship between individuals and government
D. she put forward a new theory to help fight against climate change
4. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. the Nobel Prize for economics was first won by a woman
B. Elinor Ostrom’s work may help fight poverty
C. the first woman won the Nobel Prize in America
D. the Nobel Prize for economics is shared this year
Rodney Mace, 35, is married with two young children, and is a part-time teacher of history, "I am
constantly surprised by other people's surprise, when they come to the house and see me cleaning a
floor or hanging out the washing. Their eyes open wide at the sight of it! Much of the comment comes
form men. But I am even more surprised at the number of women who comment too."
His wife Jane, an Oxford graduate in modern languages, has a demanding full-time job. She is director
of the Cambridge House literacy scheme(扫盲计划) for adults in South London. Her working week
involves several evenings and Saturdays, and at these times her husband is in charge of home and family.
Apart from this, they share household jobs and employ a child-minder for the afternoons. This enables
him to teach two days a week and to do what he considers his principal work: writing. He has written
several books and spends much of his time in the Museum Reading Room, cycling there from his home
in Brixton.
People ask the Maces if they think their children miss them. One can argue that satisfied parents
generally have satisfied children, but in any case the Maces are careful to spare time and energy to play
with their children. "And they have now developed relationships with other adults and children.
Before, Rodney Mace worked full-time and Jane only part-time. Then 18 months ago, the director
of the literacy scheme left. "It seems to me that Jane was very well suited to do this job. She was very
doubtful about it. But I asked her to apply. She did, and she got it." Jane Mace says that she needed
this encouragement, as so many women do.
Did his male ego(男性自我意识) suffer from the change-over? Nothing like that occurred. But he
still seems amazed at the way it changed his thinking. "I felt that we were finally going to be partners. I
felt enormous relief. I wasn't avoiding responsibility, but changing it. Our relationship is so much better
now. It has been a change for the good for both of us－think for all of us, in every aspect of our lives. I
cannot overemphasize(过高强调) that: in every aspect, I think it is necessary that the woman works.
The idea of equal partnership is an illusion if one partner doesn't work.
1.The article is about a couple whose married life is happier because _______.
A. they have a truly equal partnership
B. the husband enjoys staying at home
C. they earn more money
D. the wife has a full-time job
2.Jane finally decided to apply for her present job because ________.
A. she thought she had better qualification than others
B .her husband had persuaded her to
C. it was very well paid
D .some of her friends encouraged her to
3. It is implied in the passage that ________.
A. the Maces believe a good career is even more important that their family life
B. Rodney's children are quite happy with their position in the family
C. even capable women sometimes need encouragement from their families
D. the practice of sharing household jobs between husband and wife is common in London
4.We can infer from this passage that a change-over of roles in the family ________.
A. is quite necessary in modern life
B. is probably based on some practical reasons
C. aims mainly at a complete liberation of women
D. shows women are not necessarily inferior(低下) to men
5.Which of the following statements is true?
A. Most Englishmen think that a husband should do more housework than a wife.
B. In London the traditional idea about the sex role at home has been completely changed.
C. Many Englishmen and Englishwomen still believe that women are mainly in charge of
home and family.
D. English people believe that men should take more responsibilities for house work.
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